Question
Diagnose the tumour as marked by a red arrow in the picture below?
A. Hydronephrosis.
B. Multirystic kidney.
C. Lymphoma.
D. Wilm’s tumour.
Show Answer
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Correct Answer » D
Explanation
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Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common childhood abdominal malignancy. The median age at diagnosis of Wilms tumor is approximately 3.5 years. With current multimodality therapy, approximately 80-90% of children with a diagnosis of Wilms tumor survive.
Signs and symptoms
Clinical findings include the following:
- Asymptomatic abdominal mass (in 80% of children at presentation)
- Abdominal pain or hematuria (25%)
- Urinary tract infection and varicocele (less common)
- Hypertension, gross hematuria, and fever (5-30%)
- Hypotension, anemia, and fever (from hemorrhage into the tumor; uncommon)
- Respiratory symptoms related to lung metastases (in patients with advanced disease; rare)
Diagnosis
The following lab studies are indicated:
- Chemistry profile – Including kidney function tests and routine measurements of electrolytes and calcium
- Cytogenetics studies, including 1p and 16q deletion.
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