Question
Clinical features in adult of the following condition shown in the image are –
A. Abdominal pain and mass
B. Intermittent abdominal pain, jaundice, and abdominal mass
C. Abdominal pain, fever and intermittent jaundice
D. Pain, fever and progressive jaundice
Show Answer
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Correct Answer » B Explanation |
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Ans:B.Intermittent abdominal pain, jaundice, and abdominal mass
Choledochal Cyst is shown in the image.
CHOLEDOCHAL CYST
- A choledochal cyst is an isolated or combined congenital dilatation of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary tree.
Classification of Choledochal cyst
- Type I – a type I cyst is characterized by fusifonn dilatation of the bile duct.- this is the most common type
- Type II – a type II cyst appears as a diverticulum protruding from the wall of the CBD.
- Type III – a type III cyst is dilatation of the biliary tract within the duodenum; also k/a choledochocele Type IV
- Type IV A – multiple dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.
- Type IV B – multiple dilatation involving only the extrahepatic bile ducts.
- Type V – consists of multiple dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts; also known as Carolis disease.
Clinical Features:
- more common in females than in males (4:1)
- typically choledochal cysts present in children beyond the toddler age group.
- the classical triad presents only in a minority of patients; it consists of
abdominal pain
jaundice
abdominal mass
- If the disorder is left undiagnosed, patients may develop cholangitis or pancreatitis. Cholangitis may lead to the development of cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
- Choledochal cysts are seen to be frequently associated with an anomalous junction of the pancreatic and biliary duct.
Complications caused by choledochal cyst
- recurrent cholangitis
- pancreatitis
- gall stones
- cirrhosis with portal hypertension
- portal vein thrombosis with resultant portal hypertension
- cyst rupture with biliary peritonitis (very rarely)
- malignancy:
- Choledochal cyst is a risk factor for the following cancers :biliary tree (most common) ,liver ,gall bladder ,duodenum pancreas
Diagnosis
- ERCP is the most reliable investigation but is invasive
- MRCP is the best noninvasive investigation
Treatment
- Cholecystectomy + Cyst excision with reconstruction via a biliary-enteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis is the treatment of choice for all choledochal cysts except type III (choledochocele) and intrahepatic cysts of type IV & type V
- (Caroli’s disease)
- Treatment of type III (Choledochocele)
transduodenal sphincteroplasty or sphincterotomy – cyst excision
- Treatment of intrahepatic cysts of type IV & V
if the intrahepatic cysts are localized, hepatic lobe is resected
if the intrahepatic cysts are diffuse only effective treatment is liver transplantation.