Mumps Virus
Mump Virus
- Paramyxovirus
- Predilection for the glandular and nervous tissue.
- Has only one serotype.
Mumps
- Acute contagious disease
- Characterized by nonsuppurative enlargement of one or both salivary glands.
Source of infection
- Clinical and subclinical cases
- Incubatory carrier seen
- Man is the only natural host
Age group
- 5-15 years
Period of infectivity
- 4-6 days before the onset of symptom to a week thereafter.Maximum infectivity is just before and at the onset of parotitis.
Mode of transmission
- Droplet infection by respiratory route.
Incubation period
- 14-18 days
Clinical manifestation
Parotitis
- Most common manifestation of mumps (in all age groups)
- 30-40% of infections are sub-clinical
- Characteristic presentation is pain and swelling in either one or both parotid glands.
- Sublingual or submandibular glands may also be involved.
Orchitis
- 2nd most common manifestation of mumps
- Seen in postpubertal males.
- Adult males carry an up to 30% risk that the testes may become infected
- Half of these infections result in testicular atrophy, and in rare cases sterility can follow
Aseptic meningitis
- Common manifestation of mumps more common in children .
Dacryoadenitis
- Most common ocular manifestation of mumps.
Complications of mumps
- Sterlity
- Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- Mild forms of meningitis.
- Oophoritis (inflammation of ovaries).
- Pancreatitis , manifesting as abdominal pain and vomiting
- Encephalitis, very rare
- Profound (91 dB or more) but rare sensorineural hearing loss, uni- or bilateral.
- Acute unilateral deafness occurs in about 0.005% of cases
- Thyroiditis, neuritis, hepatitis
- Myocarditis
- Acquired aqueductal stenosis
Treatment
- There is no specific treatment for mumps.
- After the illness, life-long immunity to mumps generally occurs.
Mumps vaccine
- 95 % effective live attenuated vaccine.
- Widely-used live attenuated mumps vaccine strains include :
- The Jeryl-Lynn
- RIT 4385
- Leningrad-3
- L-Zagreb
- Urabe strains.
- Contraindicated in pregnancy
- The duration of long-term immunity is not known.
- Routine immunization:
- For children over 1 year of age
- Either alone or in combination with other virus vaccines
- e.g. in MMR vaccine or as a quadrivalent vaccine with varicella.
- A second dose is recommended for children at 4-6 years of age i.e., before starting the school
Exam Question
Mump Virus
- Paramyxovirus.
Source of infection
- Clinical and subclinical cases
- Incubatory carrier seen
- Man is the only natural host
Incubation period
- 14-18 days
Clinical manifestation
Parotitis
- Most common manifestation of mumps (in all age groups)
- 30-40% of infections are sub-clinical
- Characteristic presentation is pain and swelling in either one or both parotid glands.
Orchitis
- 2nd most common manifestation of mumps
- Seen in postpubertal males.
- Half of these infections result in testicular atrophy, and in rare cases sterility can follow
Aseptic meningitis
- Common manifestation of mumps more common in children .
Dacryoadenitis
- Most common ocular manifestation of mumps.
Complications of mumps
- Sterlity
- Spontaneous abortion in about 27% of cases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- Mild forms of meningitis.
- Oophoritis (inflammation of ovaries).
- Pancreatitis , manifesting as abdominal pain and vomiting
- Encephalitis, very rare
- Profound (91 dB or more) but rare sensorineural hearing loss, uni- or bilateral.
- Acute unilateral deafness occurs in about 0.005% of cases
- Thyroiditis, neuritis, hepatitis, myocarditis etc.
Mumps vaccine
- 95 % effective live attenuated vaccine.
- Widely-used live attenuated mumps vaccine strains include :
- The Jeryl-Lynn
- Contraindicated in pregnancy
- Routine immunization:
- For children over 1 year of age
- Either alone or in combination with other virus vaccines
- A second dose is recommended for children at 4-6 years of age i.e., before starting the school
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