Other Agricultura Poisons: Carbamates&Organochlorines

Introduction:

Carbamates

• Carbamates  are  reversible  inhibitors  of  cholinesterase.  They  inhibite  cholinesterase  by  carbamylating  the catalytic site of enzyme.  Thus  there symptoms  are  similar  to  organophosphate  poisoning  due to  increased  acetylcholine activity.
• Carbamates  are physostigmine, neostigmine,  edrophoniumallMses),pyridostigmine,  galantamite,  carbaryl  and propoxur.
• Atropine is  specific  antidote.  Oximes  are not  useful.

Organochlorines (chlorinated  hydrocarbans)

These  are  of  four  types  :

1. DDT, methoxychlor.
2. Benzene  hexachloride  (gama-hexachlorobenzene  or lindane).
3. Toxaphenes
4. Cyclodienes,  e.g.  aldrin,  dieldrein, endrin,  chlordane,  chlordecone,  endosulfan,  heptachlor,  isobenan,  mirex.

Endrin  is  also  called plant  penicillin because  of its  broad  spectrum of activity  against  insect  & pests.

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