Question
A child after taking medicine for fever presented with the following picture. The most likely diagnosis of the following is?
| A. |
Erythema multiforme
|
| B. |
Impetigo contagiosa
|
| C. |
Stevens johnson syndrome
|
| D. |
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
|
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer � C
Explanation
|
|
Ans. C. Stevens johnson syndrome
- Showing hemorrhagic crusting of lips after taking drugs for fever, which is a common clinical picture in Steven-johnson syndrome.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but serious disorder that affects the skin, mucous membrane, genitals, and eyes.
Symptoms
Skin pain is the most common symptom of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Flu-like symptoms are also usually present during the initial stages, and may include:
- feeling generally unwell
- a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above
- a headache
- joint pain
- a cough
After a few days a rash appears, which consists of individual blemishes that may look like a target – darker in the middle and lighter around the outside.
The rash isn’t usually itchy and spreads over a number of hours or days.
Large blisters then develop on the skin, which leaves painful sores after bursting.
Causes
In children, Stevens-Johnson syndrome is usually triggered by a viral infection, such as:
- mumps
- flu
- herpes-simplex virus, which causes cold sores
- Coxsackievirus, which causes Bornholm disease
- Epstein-Barr virus, which causes glandular fever
Less commonly, bacterial infections can also trigger the syndrome.
In adults, Stevens-Johnson syndrome is often caused by an adverse reaction to medicine.
The medicines that most commonly cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome are:
- allopurinol
- carbamazepine
- lamotrigine
- nevirapine
- the “oxicam” class of anti-inflammatory drugs (including meloxicam and piroxicam)
- phenobarbital
- phenytoin
- sulfamethoxazole and other sulfa antibiotics
- sertraline
- sulfasalazine
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