Question
A 16-year-old man has been sent for a CXR by his GP. He has had a chronic cough for 3 months and the GP is concerned that there may be an underlying pneumonia. Having reviewed the film and decided that this is not the case, you note the presence of a unilateral hyper transradiant hemithorax. Which of the following causes would not be in your differential diagnosis?
| A. |
MacLeod’s syndrome
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| B. |
Poland’s syndrome
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| C. |
Poliomyelitis
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| D. |
Pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia
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Show Answer
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Correct Answer � D
Explanation
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ANSWER: D
Pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia is usually asymptomatic with mediastinal displacement towards a dense hemithorax. Poliomyelitis can cause atrophy of the overlying pectoral muscles. MacLeod’s syndrome is a late sequel of childhood bronchiolitis with a small lung, small pulmonary arteries and expiratory air trapping on the affected side. If there is an embolus lodged in a major pulmonary artery, the vessels distal to the obstruction will be underperfused with associated loss of lung volume.
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