Sperm Anatomy

120 million per day REF: Guyton 11^th edition page 999

The two testes of the human adult form up to 120 million sperm each day”

Note:

• The entire period of spermatogenesis, from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, takes about 74 days.
• Although sperm can live for many weeks in the suppressed state in the genital ducts of the testes, life expectancy of ejaculated sperm in the female genital tract is only 1 to 2 days.

The two testes of the human adult form up to 120 million sperm each day.

• Head is oval or elliptical, but flattened,its anterior two-thirds are covered by a layer of modified protoplasm, which is named the head-cap, which probably facilitates the, entrance of the spermatozoon into the ovum. The head contains a mass of chromatin, regarded as the nucleus of the cell surrounded by a thin envelope.
• Neck contains the anterior centriole, it is situated at the junction of the head and neck.
• Connecting piece or body is rod-like. The posterior centriole is placed at the junction of the body and neck, from this centriole an axial filament runs backward through the body and tail. The sheath of the axial filament is encircled by a spiral thread, around which is an envelope containing mitochondrial granules, and termed the mitochondrial sheath.
• Tail is of great length, and consists of the axial thread or filament, surrounded by its sheath, but mitochondria is absent.

Spermatogenesis requires a temperature considerably lower than that of the interior of the body.

Ref: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition, Page 427; Guyton and Hall – Textbook of Medical Physiology, 10th Edition, Page 920

A i.e. 50- 60 microns

B. i.e. Epididymis

– Polar body are formed during the process of oogenesis not spermatogenesis

matured and gain motility in epididymis; & capacitation of sperm i.e. removal of acromsomal membrane occurs in female genital tract.

–  Spermatogenesis requires a temperature that is -2°C below the core body temperature.

Spermatozoa are stored in epididymis not seminal vesicle Ducts of seminal vesicle & ductus deferens unite to form an ejaculatory duct, which open in prostatic urethrae

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Mitochondria

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Golgi body

Formation of acrosome starts with the coalescence of a series of granules from the Golgi complex, which migrates to come into contact with nuclear membrane, where it covers like a cap-like structure ove 30% to 50% of nuclear surface.

The acrosome covers the nucleus and contains the hydrolytic enzymes necessary for fertilization.

`The head also contains the acrosome, which is a cap-like structure represented by golgi complex and covers about two thirds of anterior head area’     Clinical reproductive medicine.

Semen analysis, also known as a sperm count test, analyzes the health and viability of a man’s sperm. Semen is the fluid containing sperm (plus other sugar and protein substances) that’s released during male ejaculation. A semen analysis measures three major factors of sperm health:

• the number of sperm
• the shape of the sperm
• the movement of the sperm, also known as “sperm motility”.

Middle piece (Description: Contains mitochondria)