Vagal denervation of just the parietal cell area of the stomach is called parietal cell vagotomy or proximal gastric vagotomy.
The technique spares the nerves of Latarjet but divides all vagal branches that terminate on the proximal two thirds of the stomach. 

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Highly selective vagotomy 
It is least seen with highly selective vagotomy because the motility of the stomach is least affected in highly selective vagotomy and is most common with gastrectomy.

Answer is B (Presence of Hypertonic Contents in small intestine)

DUMPING SYNDROME refers to a syndrome of abdominal and vasomator symptoms which results from dumping of food stuffs with a high osmotic load, front the stomach, into the small bowel.

Loss of storage capacity of stomach and ablation, by pass or destruction of pylorus, results in rapid emptying of hyperostnolar chyme into duodenummm and small intestine. Extracellular fluid then shifts into the intestinal lumen to restore isotonicity resulting in decreased intravascular volume, which gives rise to the vasomotor symptoms. Note that while reduced gastric capacity contributes, option (b) is a more accurate answer.

Dumping Syndrome is actually of two types:

• Early dumping syndrome (as described above)
• Late dumping syndrome: This is Reactive hypoglvcemia^e. The carbohydrate load in thesmall intestine later causes a rise in plasma glucose, which in turn causes insulin levels to rise causing a secondary hypoglycemia.

Ans. D: Large volume of hyperosmotic fluid in the intestine

• Dumping syndrome refers to a constellation of post-prandial symptoms occurring due to accelerated emptying (dumping) of hyperosmolar stomach contents into the small bowel.
• It is usually seen in operation which destroys the pyloric sphincter (i.e gastrectomy, antrectomy and drainage procedures).
• It occurs immediately after meals (after 15-30 minutes) 
• Dumping of hyperosmolar contents into the small bowel results in rapid fluid influx from the circulation into the gastrointestinal tract.
• This leads to acute intestinal distention and peripheral and splanchnic vasodilatation

Answer- C. Hyperglycemia
Dumping syndrome is a relatively rare disorder in which the stomach contents are delivered too quickly to the small intestine.
It occurs as a physiological reaction to the consumption of too much simple or refined sugar in some persons, when simple sugar exits the stomach too rapidly it attracts fluid into the upper intestine, and the blood volume decreases as it attempts to absorb the sugar.
The vasomotor symptoms comprise general weakness, pallor, sweating, palpitation and light headedness.
symptoms of gastrointestinal disturbance such as epigastric discomfort, nausea, vomiting and possibly an episode of diarrhea is observed.

The biochemical changes that occur in dumping syndrome are hyperinsulinaemia followed by hypoglycaemia