Ans: A-Mental Retardation

• A learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading.
• Dyslexia occurs in children with normal vision and intelligence.
• Symptoms include late talking, learning new words slowly and a delay in learning to read.
• Most children with dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring or a specialized education program.
• Males are diagnosed with dyslexia more frequently than females, even in epidemiological samples.

Conduct disorder in children is characterised by behaviours which could cause harm to self or others or property.
Cruelty to animals is also a feature.
There is frequent violation of the rights of others and rule breaking behaviours. The behaviours are persistent and not occasional.

Ref: Kaplan & Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Benjamin J Sadock, M.D., Harold I. Kaplan, Virginia A Sadock, M.D, Edition: 10, Page 1218

Ans:A i.e. Disregard for rights of others; B i.e. Doesn’t care for authority; C i.e. Backward in studies

• C.D. is characterized by a persistent & significant pattern of conduct in which the basic rights of others are violated or rules of society are not followed.
• Clinical features include:

1. Frequent lying
2. Stealing or robbery
3. Running away from home or school
4. Physical violence like rape, fire setting, assaults or breaking in, use of weapons.
5. Cruelty towards other people & animal
6. Destruction of property
7. Serious violation of rules
8. Backward in studies

May 1/ t – drug abuse & dependence, unwanted pregnancies, criminal record, suicidal or homicidal behaviour, STDs.

Ans.C. Conduct disorder

Child psychiatric conditions and presentation

• Triad of symptoms of autism includes abnormal reciprocal social interaction; communication and language impairment; and a restricted, stereotyped and repetitive repertoire of interests and activities.
• Clinical features of ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
• Conduct disorder is characterized by aggression/cruelty to people and/or animals, theft, theft, fire setting, severe provocative or disobedient disorder etc.
• Features of OCD include obsessions (intrusive, repetitive and distressing thoughts), compulsions (repetitive, stereotyped, unnecessary behaviours).

Ans: B-Oppositional defiant disorder

• This boy is showing a pattern of defiance of authority (arguing with parents and teachers).
• There are no features of conduct disorder (drug abuse, theft lying).
• Thus, the diagnosis is oppositional defiant disorder.

Ans: A-Conduct disorder

• Conduct disorder is characterized by a persistent and significant pattern of conduct in which the basic rights of others are violated or rules of society are not followed.
• The onset occurs much before 18 years of age, usually even before puberty.

The characteristic clinical features include: –

1. Frequent lying
2. Stealing or robbery
3. Physical violence like rape, fire setting, assault, use ofweapons, fighting and aggresiveness.
4. Running away from home and school → Therefore, backward in studies.