Humam Development Index

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., 0 to 1

o The HDI values ranges between 0 to 1.

o HDI value for India is 0.547.

o To construct HDI, fixed minimum and maximum values have been estabilished for each indicator –

Indicator                                                      Minimum value           Maximum value

Education Index

Gross enrolment ratio                                      CP/o                         100%

Adult literacy rate                                           C P/o                        l00%

Real GDP per capita                                       $ 100                         $ 40,000

Life expectancy at birth/LE₀                             25 yrs                       85 yrs

Following information has been added in 22`*e of Park

o Previously, to calculate the HDI, minimum and maximum value had been established for each indicator (as described above). According to recent calculations there is no set value for maximum value, instead the maximums are the highest observed values in time series 1980-2011 (which ever country has the maximum in world). For example; In a period of 1980-2011, the life expectancy was maximum In Japan (among all country in the world) during 2011, i.e., 83.4 years. Thus this is set as the maximum value for life expectancy. And also minimum age for life expectancy has been changed to 20 years (instead of 25 years).

 As for the year 2016, HDI for India stood at 0.640

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Life expectancy at 1 year

Life expectancy at birth is a dimension of HDI (not life expectancy at one year).

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)

HDI is a composite index combining indicators representing three dimensions.

• HDI is a composite index combining indicators representing three dimensions.
• Longevity: Life expectancy at birth.
• Knowledge: Mean years of schooling (gross enrolment ratio) and expected year of schooling.
• Income : GNI Per Capita

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Income

HDI is a composite index combining indicators representing three dimensions ‑

1. Longevity (life expectancy at birth)
2. Knowledge (Adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling, i.e. Gross enrolement ratio)
3. Income (real GDP per capita in purchasing power parity in US dollars)

• Among these three, income is included in standard of living.

Standard of living

• It refers to the usual scale of our expenditure, goods we consume and services we enjoy.
• It includes :‑

1. Income & occupation
2. Standards of housing, sanitation & nutrition
3. Level of provision of health, educational, recreational and other services.

• Standard of living depends on per capita GNP