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From NEURAL TUBE:
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From NEURAL CREST:
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- CNS (brain, spinal cord),
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A) NEURAL DERIVATIVES
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- Sensory neurons of 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th. 10th cranial nerve ganglia (trigeminal, geniculate, sphenopalatine, submandibular, cochlear, vestibular, otic and vagal parasympathetic ganglia).
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- Sensory neurons of spinal dorsal root ganglia.
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- Sympathetic chain ganglia and plexus (celiac/preaortic/renal ganglia, enteric plexus in GIT, I.e. Auerbachs and Meissner’s).
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- Parasympathetic ganglia and plexus of GIT.
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- Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, satellite cells of all ganglia.
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- Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
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- Adrenal medulla, chromaffin cells, parafollicular C-cells of thyroid gland.
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- All cranial and spinal motor nerves
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- Melanocytes and melanoblasts.
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B)MESENCHYMAL DERIVATIVES
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- Dermal bones of skull: Frontal, parietal, temporal, nasal, vomer, palatine, mandible, maxilla.
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- Leptomeninges : arachnoid and pia mater (Duramater is mesodermal).
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- Dentine of teeth (odontoblasts)
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- Eye : choroid, sclera, iris epithelium, pupillary muscles (sphincter and dilator pupillae, ciliary muscles).
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- Pharyngeal arch cartilages.
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- Retinal pigmented epithelium
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- Connective tissues of head including dermis, tendon, ligaments.
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- Bulbar and coronal ridges of heart.
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