Question
Which of the following are used in the management of hyperkalemia?
- 10% calcium gluconate intravenously
- Regular insulin and intravenous glucose
- Nebulized ipratropium bromide
- Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
| A. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| B. |
1, 2 and 4 |
| C. |
1, 3 and 4 |
| D. |
2, 3 and 4 |
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer » B Explanation |
 |
The emergency management of hyperkalemia consists of three principles:
- Stabilize the myocardium
- 10% Calcium gluconate IV stabilizes the cardiac membrane and reduces the risk of fatal arrhythmias.
- It does not lower serum potassium.
- Shift potassium into cells
- Regular insulin with intravenous glucose stimulates the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump, causing potassium to move intracellularly.
- Intravenous sodium bicarbonate also shifts potassium into cells, particularly in patients with metabolic acidosis.
Therefore, statements 1, 2, and 4 are correct.