Question
Vesicovaginal fistula is classified as complicated if it has which of the following features?
- Size – more than 3 cm
- Bladder involvement – trigonal
- Location – midvaginal
- Presence of prior radiation
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
| A. |
1, 2, and 3 |
| B. |
1, 2, and 4 |
| C. |
1, 3, and 4 |
| D. |
2, 3, and 4 |
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer » B Explanation |
 |
Features of Complicated Vesicovaginal Fistulas:
- Size > 3 cm (Statement 1): Larger fistulas are more difficult to manage and are considered complicated.
- Bladder Involvement – trigonal (Statement 2): Fistulas involving the trigone or ureteric orifices require more complex repair.
- Midvaginal Location (Statement 3): Not specifically classified as complicated unless associated with other factors.
- Prior Radiation (Statement 4): Radiation-induced fistulas are often complicated due to poor tissue healing.