STAPHYLOMA
STAPHYLOMA
- Localized bulging of weak & thin outer tunic of eyeball (cornea or sclera), lined by uveal tissue.
- Anterior staphyloma: an ectasia of pseudocornea (scar formed from organized exudates and fibrous tissue covered with epithelium) results after total sloughing of cornea, with iris plastered behind it.
1. Intercalary staphyloma
- Localized bulge in the limbus lined by root of iris
- May be associated with secondary angle closure glaucoma
Causes:
- Perforating injury
- Peripheral corneal ulcer
2. Ciliary staphyloma
- Bulge of weak sclera 2-3mm away from limbus, lined by ciliary body.
Causes:
- Perforating injury
- Scleritis
- Absolute glaucoma
3. Equatorial staphyloma
- Bulge of sclera lined by choroid in the equatorial region
Causes:
- Scleritis,
- Pathological myopia
4. Posterior staphyloma
- Bulge of sclera, lined by choroid, behind the equatorial region
Causes:
- Degenerative high axial myopia
- Posterior scleritis
- Perforating injury
5. Anterior Staphyloma:
- Protrusion & adhesion of iris to ectatic cornea.
- The most common cause is a sloughing corneal ulcer which perforates & heals with the formation of pseudocornea by the organisation of exudates & laying down of fibrous tissue.
- Lined internally by iris.
Exam Important
- Staphyloma is lined internally by uveal tissue (iris or ciliary body or choroid) .
- Staphyloma involvement is Iris with Cornea.
- Most common type of staphyloma in myopia is Posterior.
- Most common cause of anterior staphyloma Corneal ulcer.
- Most common cause of posterior staphyloma Myopia.
- Posterior staphyloma is most commonly seen in Degenerative myopia.
- Ciliary staphyloma is a complication of Scleritis.
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