MUSCLES OF FOOT

Origin from tendons of flexor digitorum profundus*

Tibialis posterior

The peroneus longus and brevis act primarily as evertors, with the peroneus brevis being the stronger of the two. In the question, the evertor inserted to the medial cuneiform, which is peroneus longus.

The peroneus brevis inserts on the base of the fifth metatarsal and the peroneus longus courses under the cuboid to insert on the base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform. 

The tibialis anterior is the dorsiflexor of foot at the ankle joint. It is the invertor of the foot at the midtarsal and subtalar joints.

Tibialis posterior is the principal invertor of the foot.

Tibialis posterior is the deepest and most centrally located muscle in the deep posterior compartment of the leg. It arises from the upper posterior aspect of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane and passes medially deep to the flexor retinaculum. Its tendons flares and inserts into the navicular, tarsal bones, and bases of the second, to fourth metatarsals.

• Tibialis posterior tendon
• Flexor digitorum longus tendon
• Flexor hallucis longus tendon
• Posterior tibial artery
• Tibial nerve.

Gastrocnemius muscle attaches proximally to the femoral condyles; distally, it attaches to the calcaneus bone via the calcaneal tendon. The gastrocnemius muscle plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, and is involved in standing, walking, running and jumping. The tibial nerve (S1 and S2) innervates this muscle.

Sesamoids are found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint, such as the hand, knee, and foot. In the foot, the first metatarsal bone usually has two sesamoid bones at its connection to the big toe (both within the tendon of flexor hallucis brevis).

A i.e. Peroneus brevis 

Violent inversion of foot may cause avulsion of tuberosity of 5^n1, metatarsal base, the insertion of peroneus (fibularis) brevis muscleQ.

A i.e. Gastrocnemius C i.e. Plantaris 

A i.e. Extensor digitorum longus; B i.e. Extensor hallucis longus; C i.e. Tibialis anterior

A. i.e. Plantans; B. i.e. FHL; C. i.e. Soleus

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Inversion of foot

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Flexor digiti minimi

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Soleus

Soleus is known as ‘peripheral heart’ as it helps in venous return from lower limb.