Retina- Blood supply Retina has a dual blood supply Inner 2/3rd → CRA [Central Retinal Artery] Outer 1/3rd → PCA [Posterior Ciliary Artery] also supplies choroid Watershed Layer → OPL [Outer Plexiform Layer] junction of 2 blood supplies
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Lesions causing retinal detachment Lesions causing retinal detachment are: Holes Lattices Horse shoe tear Maximum Detachment takes place → at supero temporal quadrant [40%]
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Pseudodendrites Pseudodendrites seen in: Herpes Zoster Contact lens wearers Acanthamoeba
Keratoconus-Management Keratoconus is managed by: → Glasses → Contact lenses: Soft contact lenses should not be used Semi soft contact lenses are prescribed → Corneal Hydrops: Occurs in Keratoconus Descemet’s membrane perforates & aqueous humour enters corneal stroma. With time hydrops heals with central scarring. Rx by Keratoplasty. → C3 R (CxR) Corneal collagen
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Keratoplasty Keratoplasty is of 2 types. They are: Penetrating keratoplasty: → Full thickness Keratoplasty →All 5 layers taken from donor Lamellar keratoplasty: → Partial thickness Keratoplasty → Only outer layers taken from donor →Recipient retains his own: Endothelium Descemet’s membrane Stroma +/ – → Donor provides his: Epithelium Bowman’s membrane Stroma +/ –
Acanthamoeba Ulcer The predisposing factors of acanthamoeba ulcer are: Contact lens wearer: Most common organism attacking Contact lens wearer → Pseudomonas > Acanthamoeba Acanthamoeba attacks contact lenses that are washed with water → It is a Ring-shaped ulcer → Pain out of proportion → Forms pseudo dendrites.
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Phobias The list of various types of phobias include: Acrophobia-Fear of heights Ailurophobia-Fear of cats Hydrophobia-Fear of water Claustrophobia-Fear of closed spaces Cynophobia-Fear of dogs Mysophobia-Fear of dirt & germs Pyrophobia-Fear of fire Xenophobia-Fear of strangers Zoophobia-Fear of animals Thanatophobia-Fear of death
PTSD Follow significant traumatic events to self or others Symptoms Include Intrusion Symptoms – Flashbacks & Nightmares Avoidance – Avoids all stimuli which reminds of the trauma Arousal Symptoms – Hypervigilance, ↑ Startle response, insomnia, poor concentration Other – Emotional numbing, emotional detachment, anhedonia Symptoms > 1 month then PTSD, if < 1 Month then
Adjustment disorders Characterized by emotional response to stressful events like financial, medical, relationship problems Symptom complex include anxiety and depressive symptoms Need to be differentiated from depression. Diagnosis of depression takes precedence Management – Psychotherapy [Supportive psychotherapy]
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Tractional Retinal Detachment-Causes Tractional retinal detachment is Slow painless loss of vision Causes: DM (m/c) Proliferative Vitreo retinopathy Sickle cell Anemia Retinopathy of Prematurity
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