Question
Prognosis of the condition shown in the mammogram picture below is best determined by ?
A. Axillary node involvement.
B. Skin infiltration.
C. Size of the tumour.
D. Estrogen receptor status.
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Correct Answer » A Explanation |
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The condition shown in the picture above represents breast cancer.
The best indicators of likely prognosis in breast cancer remain tumour size and lymph node status; however, it is realized that some large size tumours will remain confined to the breast for decades whereas some very small tumours are inoperable at diagnosis.Hence, the prognosis of a cancer depends not on its chronological age but on its invasive and metastatic potential.
Breast cancer prognostic factors include the following:
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Axillary lymph node status
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Tumor size
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Lymphatic/vascular invasion
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Patient age
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Histologic grade
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Histologic subtypes (eg, tubular, mucinous [colloid], or papillary)
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Response to neoadjuvant therapy
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ER/PR status
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HER2 gene amplification or overexpression