Which app has NEET PG PYQs from 2012 to 2025?

MedicoApps provides authentic NEET PG previous year questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations, clinical coverage, and offline access.

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MedicoApps includes over 10,000 meticulously crafted clinical and image-based questions, each with a detailed explanation covering NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams.

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Yes, MedicoApps is fully offline. You can study and practice previous year questions without an internet connection.

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Yes, MedicoApps includes clinical and image-based questions with complete explanations and references, covering subjects tested in NEET PG.

Does MedicoApps focus on repeated concepts and high-yield topics?

Yes, MedicoApps follows an 80/20 high-yield preparation approach, emphasising repeated concepts since 60-75% of NEET PG questions come from concepts tested in past exams.

Is there an update frequency for new questions in MedicoApps?

The app is regularly updated to align with the latest NEET PG exam patterns and includes new questions as per evolving trends in medical entrance exams.

Do the questions in MedicoApps come with detailed explanations?

Yes, each question is accompanied by an explanatory note that clarifies the concept behind the answer and references relevant sources.

Which previous year exams are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes authentic previous year questions from NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams, spanning from 2012 to 2025.

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Yes, MedicoApps is suitable for both beginners and advanced students. It offers a wide range of questions to support preparation at all stages.

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Yes, MedicoApps offers a no-questions-asked 30-day money-back guarantee on all premium plans.

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A good NEET PG QBank should include PYQs, clinical MCQs, image-based questions, and grand tests. MedicoApps provides all these features along with offline access and explanations in one platform.

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You can practice NEET PG previous year questions on MedicoApps, which includes 10,000+ questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations and offline support.

How can I contact MedicoApps support?

You can reach the MedicoApps customer support team through the app or the official website at medicoapps.org.

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

Characterized by episodes of both mania & depression.
Equally prevalent in men & women.
- Manic episodes – More common in men; depressive episodes – More common in women.
- More commonly seen in divorced and single persons.
Onset age – 30 yrs (average).

Causes:

Neurotransmitters:
- Increased dopamine levels for manic episode.
Genetic factors:
- Chromosomes 18q & 22q – Strongest evidence linked to bipolar disorder.
- Chromosome 21q involved.

Subtypes:

Bipolar 1/2 = Schizobipolar disorder (schizoaffective disorder)
Bipolar I = Mania with depression (or mania alone).
- Bipolar I 1/2 = Depression with protracted hypomania.
Bipolar ll = Depression with discrete hypomanic episodes.
- Bipolar ll 1/2 = Depression superimposed on cyclothymia.
Bipolar lll = Depression plus induced hypomania
- (e.g. hypomania occurring solely in association with antidepressants or other somatic treatment.
- Bipolar lll 1/2 = Bipolar disorder associated with substance use
Bipolar lV = Depression superimposed on hyperthymic temperament.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of manic episode:

Elevated mood – Undue happiness or irritable mood.
Increased self-esteem or grandiosity.
Decreased need for sleep (e.g. patient feels rested after 2 hours of sleep)
Over-talkativeness.
Flight of ideas.
Distractibility (not able to concentrate on task in hand).
Increased goal-directed activities (overactivity, hypersexuality overfamiliarity).
Psychomotor agitation.
Diagnostic criteria:
- Symptoms should last for at least 7 days.
- Must cause marked impairment in social & occupational functioning.

Psychotic symptoms:

Delusions & hallucination.
Maybe mood congruent (delusion of grandiosity)/incongruent (delusion of persecution).
Diagnostic criteria:

Must exhibit manic episode with psychotic symptoms.

Hypomania:

Symptoms similar to mania with lesser severity & reduced social & occupational functioning impairment.
Duration criterion = 4 days.

Mixed episodes:

Presents with both manic & depressive symptoms.
Duration = Min. 7 days.

TREATMENT:

Mood stabilizer: Lithium (prototyplcal mood stabilizer), valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine & lamotrigine (For bipolar depression).
Antipsychotics.
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam & clonazepam) – Used in acute mania due to their calming effect.
Antidepressants – Only as combination drug.

Exam Important

Chromosomes 18q & 22q have strongest evidence linked to bipolar disorder.
Symptoms of manic episode includes distractibility, flight of ideas & decreased need for sleep.
Diagnostic criteria for manic episode is that symptoms should last for at least 7 days.
Lithium is considered “prototypical mood stabilizer”.

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BIPOLAR DISORDERS