CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS

CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS


CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS

Two major cell types:

  • Neurons
  • Neuroglial cells.
NEUROGLIAL CELLS/GLIAL CELLS/NEUROGLIA:
  • Connective tissue cells equivalent in CNS.
2 major cell types:

Macroglia – 

  • Sudivided into Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes & Ependymal cells.

Microglia

  • Cells included Glitter cells, Rod cells & Siderophages.


IMPORTANT FACTS:
  • Macroglia are derived from Neuroectoderm.

Macroglia subtypes – 

  • Astrocytes 
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells.

Astrocytes subtypes – 

  • Protoplasmic astrocytes – Found in Grey matter
  • Fibrous astrocytes – Found in White matter.

Important function of astrocyte

  • Prevents neurons from excitotoxicity by converting excess ammonia & glutamate into glutamine via glutamine synthase.
  • Limits protein filtration across cerebral capillaries, mainly by foot processes of astrocytes.

Oligodendrocytes:

  • Responsible for nerve myelination in CNS.

Microglia:

  • Phagocytic in function.
  • Mesodermal in origin & derived from circulating monocytes.

Exam Important

CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS

  • Macroglia are derived from Neuroectoderm.

Macroglia subtypes – 

  • Astrocytes 
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Ependymal cells.

Astrocytes subtypes – 

  • Protoplasmic astrocytes – Found in Grey matter
  • Fibrous astrocytes – Found in White matter.

Important function of astrocyte

  • Prevents neurons from excitotoxicity by converting excess ammonia & glutamate into glutamine via glutamine synthase.
  • Limits protein filtration across cerebral capillaries, mainly by foot processes of astrocytes.

Oligodendrocytes:

  • Responsible for nerve myelination in CNS.

Microglia:

  • Phagocytic in function.
  • Mesodermal in origin & derived from circulating monocytes.
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