Contusion/Bruise-Types
| A | Imprint bruise | |
| B |
Patterned bruise |
|
| C |
Imprint abrasion |
|
| D |
Ectopic bruise |
A rickshaw ran over the thighs of a child. The tyre marks of the vehicle can be seen on the child’s thighs. These marks are an example of:
| A |
Imprint bruise |
|
| B |
Patterned bruise |
|
| C |
Imprint abrasion |
|
| D |
Ectopic bruise |
Battle’s sign is associated with:
| A |
Orbital cellulitis |
|
| B |
Head injury |
|
| C |
Conjunctivitis |
|
| D |
Liver failure |
False about bruise:
| A |
Much darker at point of contact/pressure |
|
| B |
Blood is present in vessel and can be easily washed away |
|
| C |
Seen at/around the area of injury |
|
| D |
a and b |
A i.e. Much darker at point of contact/pressure; B i.e. Blood is present in vessel and can be easily washed away
The ectopic bruise is most commonly seen in:
| A |
Leg |
|
| B |
Eye |
|
| C |
Pinna |
|
| D |
Scalp |
Ans. Eye
A bruise may not be present necessarily at the site of impact.
- The extravasated blood may move along tissue planes under gravity influence and gets collected at a distant place (gravity shifting).
- A bruise around the tissues of the eyes & eyelids may result called as Spectacle Hematoma,
- It occurs due to
- A blow to the orbit
- Fractured orbital roof
- A blow to the forehead
- A fall on the vertex.
TN 11
| A | Hemorrhage around eyes | |
| B |
Mastoid ecchymosis |
|
| C |
Umbilical ecchymosis |
|
| D |
Vaginal ecchymosis |
Ans. Mastoid ecchymosis
Black eye is a type of‑
| A |
Patterend abrasion |
|
| B |
Ectopic abrasion |
|
| C |
Ectopic bruise |
|
| D |
Friction abrasion |
Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Ectopic bruise
Site of bruise is at the site of impact most of the time however it may be away from the site of impact due to gravity shifting of blood, i.e., ectopic bruise. So, site of bruise does not always indicate site of violence. o Example of ectopic bruise are : –
Black eye (or spectacle hematoma in eyes & eyelids) may be due to fracture offloor of anterior cranial fossa or trauma of forehead (and rarely due to direct trauma).
Bruise behind ear indicates basal fracture (rather than a direct blow).
Jaw fracture may produce bruise in neck; fracture pelvis my produce bruise in thigh; fracture femur may produce bruise in lower thigh or above knee; Calf injury may produce bruise in ankle.
| A | Patterend abrasion | |
| B |
Ectopic abrasion |
|
| C |
Ectopic bruise |
|
| D |
Friction abrasion |
Ans:C.)Ectopic Bruise.
Site of bruise is at the site of impact most of the time however it may be away from the site of impact due to gravity shifting of blood, i.e., ectopic bruise. So, site of bruise does not always indicate site of violence.Example of ectopic bruise are : –
- Black eye (or spectacle hematoma in eyes & eyelids) may be due to fracture of floor of anterior cranial fossa or trauma of forehead (and rarely due to direct trauma).
- Bruise behind ear indicates basal fracture (rather than a direct blow).
- Jaw fracture may produce bruise in neck; fracture pelvis my produce bruise in thigh; fracture femur may produce bruise in lower thigh or above knee; Calf injury may produce bruise in ankle.
| A | Patterend abrasion. | |
| B |
Ectopic abrasion. |
|
| C |
Ectopic bruise. |
|
| D |
Friction abrasion. |
Ans:C.)Ectopic Bruise.
The condition shown in the picture above represents black eye.
Black eye (periorbital hematoma)is bruising around the eye , caused by bleeding beneath the skin , around the eye.
CONTUSION (BRUISES)
- Is an effusion of blood into tissues due to rupture of subcutaneous vessel.
- It is a superficial injury.
- Migratory or Ectopic or Percolated contusions: injury at one site, contusion at a remote site due to gravitation of blood
- Fracture of floor of anterior cranial fossa – bruising around eye (black eye or spectacle hematoma)
- Fracture of floor of middle cranial fossa – bruising over mastoid (battle’s sign)
- Fracture of jaw – bruising in the neck
- Fracture of pelvis – bruising over thigh
- Fracture femur – bruise in lower thigh or above knee
- Calf injury -bruise in ankle.
