FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX


FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX     

  • Cerebral cortex presents functionally specialized areas.

Three general kinds of functional area:

1. Sensory areas

2. Association areas

3. Motor areas   

  • Sensory areas receive sensory input, motor areas control movement of muscles.
  • Association areas are involved with more complex functions such as learning, decision making and complex movements such as writing.
  • Each of the major senses has a specific brain region called a primary sensory cortex.
  • There are also multimodal association areas to process information.
  • These areas can be located on different lobes of cerebral hemisphere as given below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FRONTAL    LOBE

  1. Primary motor              cortex

 

  2. Premotor cortex

 

  3. Supplementary              motor area

 

  4. Frontal eye field

 

  5. Broca’s motor                speech area

 

 

6. Prefrontal area

Brodmann’s area 4

 

Areas 6,8

 

Areas 6,8

 

 

Area 6,8,9

 

Area 44, 45

 


Area 9,10,11,12

  • Located in precentral gyrus & anterior part of paracentral lobe.

  • Located anterior to precentral gyrus on latral surface.
  • Located on medial surface of paracentral lobule in front of area 4.

 

  • Located in posterior part of middle frontal gyrus.

 

  • Located in posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus.
  • Injury results in aphasia (inability to speak)

 

  • Located in anterior part of frontal lobe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PARIETAL

LOBE

  1. Primary somatosensory cortex
  2. Somatosensory areas: These areas are:

 

  i) Superior parietal             lobule 

  ii) Supramarginal              gyrus

  iii) Angular gyrus

Areas 3,1,2

 

 

 

 

Areas 5,7


Area 40


Area 39

  • Located in postcentral gyrus & posterior part of paracentral lobule
 

TEMPORAL LOBE

 

  1.Primary auditory        area

 

  2. Auditory                      association cortex

 

Areas 41, 42

 

Secondary auditory area OR area 22

 

  • Located in the anterior part of transverse temporal gyri of Heschl & posterior part of temporal gyrus.
  • Includes Wernick’s speech area & is located in the posterior part of superior temporal gyrus.
 

OCCIPITAL LOBE

 

  1. Primary visual              cortex

 

  2. Visual association             area

 

Strike area, area 17

 

Secondary visual area OR area 18,19

 

  • Present in medial surface of occipital lobe on upper lip & lower lip of calcarine sulcus.
  • Include parastriate (area 18) & peristriate (area 19) areas of occipital lobe.
  • Also contains occipital eye field on lateral surface.

 

Exam Important

  • Locus coeruleus is the most important source of noradrenergic innervation to the cerebral cortex.
  • Broca’s area is formed of two minor gyri, called pars opercularis and pars triangularis, that lie in the posterior end of the inferior frontal gyrus. This area subserves expressive language function.
  • Area 8 (the frontal eye field) is concerned with eye movements.
  • Spongiform degeneration of cerebral cortex occurs in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Trunk  has small representation in somatosensory area of cerebral cortex
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