Question
Which of the following statements are typical for classic heat stroke?
I. Older patient
II. Normokalemia
III. Hyponatremia
IV. Marked lactic acidosis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
| A. |
I and III
|
| B. |
I and II
|
| C. |
III and IV
|
| D. |
II and IV
|
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer » B
Explanation
|
|
- Heat strokeis a life-threatening condition characterized by:
- Core body temperature >40°C
- Central nervous system dysfunction (confusion, delirium, seizures, coma)
- It is classified into:
- Classic (non-exertional) heat stroke
- Exertional heat stroke
Explanation of the Correct Answer
Statements I and II are typical of classic heat stroke.
- I. Older patient – True
- Classic heat stroke typically affects elderly individuals, infants, and patients with chronic illnesses during heat waves.
- Impaired thermoregulation and reduced ability to dissipate heat predispose older adults to classic heat stroke.
- II. Normokalemia – True
- In classic heat stroke, serum potassium is usually normal unless complications such as acute kidney injury or extensive tissue damage develop.
- Significant hyperkalemia is more characteristic of exertional heat stroke due to rhabdomyolysis.
Why the Other Statements are Incorrect
III. Hyponatremia
- Incorrect.
- Hyponatremia is not a typical feature of classic heat stroke.
- Patients are more likely to have normal sodium levels or hypernatremia due to dehydration and free water loss.
IV. Marked lactic acidosis
- Incorrect.
- Mild elevation of lactate may occur due to tissue hypoperfusion.
- Marked lactic acidosis is more characteristic of exertional heat stroke, where intense muscle activity causes significant anaerobic metabolism and rhabdomyolysis.
