Question
Meniere’s disease is characterized by:
| A. |
Conductive hearing loss and tinnitus
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| B. |
Vertigo ear discharge tinnitus and headache
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| C. |
Vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and headache
|
| D. |
Vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
|
Show Answer
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Correct Answer » C
Explanation
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|
Meniere’s Disease
- Definition: Inner ear disorder due to endolymphatic hydrops
- Site involved: Membranous labyrinth
Classical Triad
- Vertigo (episodic, lasts minutes to hours)
- Tinnitus (roaring type)
- Sensorineural hearing loss (fluctuating, low frequency early)
Additional Features
- Aural fullness
- Nausea and vomiting during attacks
Pathophysiology
- Excess endolymph causes distension
- Rupture leads to mixing of endolymph and perilymph
Diagnosis
- Pure tone audiometry shows sensorineural hearing loss
- Mainly clinical diagnosis
Management
- Acute: Vestibular suppressants (betahistine, benzodiazepines), antiemetics
- Long-term: Low salt diet, diuretics
- Refractory cases: Intratympanic steroids or gentamicin
Important Differentials
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Vertigo without hearing loss
- Vestibular neuritis: Vertigo without hearing loss
- Labyrinthitis: Vertigo with hearing loss, usually post-infectious
