Question
In Conn’s syndrome, the following is true:
| A. |
Diastolic HTN without oedema |
| B. |
Systolic HTN without oedema |
| C. |
Pseudotetany |
| D. |
Hyper K+ |
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer » A Explanation |
 |
Conn’s syndrome is primary hyperaldosteronism, most commonly caused by an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma. It is characterized by autonomous aldosterone secretion leading to:
- Sodium and water retention
- Potassium loss
- Hydrogen ion loss
- Expansion of extracellular fluid volume
- Suppression of renin secretion
The uploaded notes describe the clinical hallmark as hypokalemic hypertension with absence of edema, despite volume expansion.
Explanation of Each Option
A. Diastolic hypertension without edema — Correct
- Hypertension in Conn’s syndrome is predominantly due to increased peripheral vascular resistance and volume expansion.
- Patients classically have diastolic hypertension.
- Despite sodium retention, edema is usually absent because of the phenomenon of aldosterone escape, in which increased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pressure natriuresis prevent progressive fluid accumulation.
B. Systolic hypertension without edema — Incorrect
- Although systolic blood pressure may also be elevated, the classical examination finding is diastolic hypertension.
- Therefore, this is not the best answer.
C. Pseudotetany — Incorrect
- Conn’s syndrome causes metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia, which may occasionally increase neuromuscular excitability.
- However, pseudotetany is not a characteristic or classical feature of Conn’s syndrome.
D. Hyperkalemia — Incorrect
- Aldosterone increases potassium excretion by the kidneys.
- Therefore, Conn’s syndrome produces hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.
- The uploaded notes specifically list hypokalemia as a hallmark feature.
