Question
Increased BP, proteinuria, RBC casts are the features of which type of Glomerulonephritis?
| A. |
RPGN |
| B. |
Membranous GN |
| C. |
Membranoproliferative GN |
| D. |
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
Show Answer
|
Correct Answer » A Explanation |
 |
-
The combination of:
- Hematuria with red blood cell casts
- Proteinuria
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Rapid deterioration of renal function
indicates a nephritic syndrome.
- RPGN is a severe nephritic syndrome characterized histologically by crescent formation.
- The uploaded material specifically describes the clinical course of RPGN as hematuria with red blood cell casts, moderate proteinuria, hypertension, and edema.
Why the Other Options Are Ruled Out
B. Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Incorrect.
- Membranous glomerulonephritis is primarily a nephrotic syndrome.
- Typical features:
- Heavy proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Edema
- Hyperlipidemia
- Characteristic pathology:
- Diffuse thickening of the glomerular capillary wall
- Subepithelial immune deposits
- “Spike and dome” appearance
- Red blood cell casts are not the characteristic finding.
C. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- Incorrect as the best answer.
- MPGN can produce nephritic, nephrotic, or mixed nephritic-nephrotic features.
- However, the classic description in this question—red blood cell casts + hypertension + proteinuria—is a nephritic presentation and is specifically associated with RPGN in the provided material.
- MPGN is characterized morphologically by:
- Mesangial/endocapillary proliferation
- GBM thickening
- Double-contour or “tram-track” appearance
- Type I: predominantly subendothelial deposits.
D. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- Incorrect.
- FSGS is predominantly a nephrotic syndrome.
- Characteristic pathology:
- Focal involvement of glomeruli
- Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
- It commonly presents with heavy proteinuria and edema, rather than the classic nephritic picture of red blood cell casts and hypertension.
