MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP) ACT

MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY  (MTP)  ACT

• The MTP act was introduced in 1971
• Consent of husband  is  not  required.
• Abortion  cannot  be  performed  on  request  of husband,  if  women  herself  is  not  willing.
• Under MTP Act, pregnancy cannot be terminated after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
• Above 20 weeks, the pregnancy can be terminated only on therapeutic considerations.
• It is necessary to save the life of pregnant woman.
• Upto 12 weeks of pregnancy, pregnancy can be terminated on the opinion of a single doctor AND 2 DOCTORS > 12 weeks.
• Consent of woman is mandatory.
•  When she is minor (< 18 years) or mentally ill, where consent  of the guardian is obtained.
• Where  there  is  substantial  risk  of the  child being  born  with serious  handicaps  due to  physical  or mental abnormalities.
• Pregnancy caused as a result of failure of a contraceptive.
• only  a Registered  Medical  Practitioner (RMP with MD/MS degree in Obs and Gynae)  having experience to  perform  abortion (below 12 wks pregnancy).
• MTP can be conducted at only Govt hospitals, or a District level committee with chief medical officer.
• Section  312  to  316 of IPC  deal with  criminal  abortions.
• Section 312: when a woman is with child and quick with child, 
• Section 313:It penalises causing miscarriage of a woman with child (whether she has attained the stage of quickening or not) without her consent.
• Section 314:It prescribes punishment in the situation where death of a woman has occurred in causing miscarriage.
• Section 315:It is aimed at ‘foeticide’ while in the womb, after the foetus has developed sufficiently.
• Section 316:It finds its application wherein death of a child is caused when the pregnancy had advanced beyond the stage of ‘quickening’. It differs from the preceding Section
• Methods used in criminal abortion: 1) Drugs (ecbolics  (ergot,  quinine)  and emmenagogues). 2) Abortion  stick (by inducing  uterine  contraction).
• Most  common  cause  of death  in  criminal  abortion  is  hemorrhage  and shock

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