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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

INTRODUCTION:

Mastication- four muscles of mastication (or musculi masticatorii) – adduction and lateral motion of the jaw.

Muscles associated hyoid also responsible for opening the jaw

Embryological origin from the first pharyngeal arch.

TYPES:

PRIMARY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION:

– Temporalis: fan shaped & fills the temporal fossa.

– Masseter (quadrilateral): Covers lateral surface of ramus of Mandible & has 3 layers.

– Lateral Pterygoid: Short, conical & has upper & lower head.

– Medial Pterygoid (quadrilateral):Has a small superficial & a large deep head.

MUSCLE	ORIGIN	FIBERS	INSERTION	NERVE SUPPLY & NUCLEI	ACTION
Masseter	superficial layer:Ant. 2/3rd of lower border of zygomatic arch & zygomatic process of maxilla Middle layer: Ant. 2/3rd of deep surface & post. 1/3rd of lower border of zygomatic arch deep layer:Deep surface of zygomatic arch	superficial:down & back at 45^o Middle & deep:vertically down 3 layers seperated by an artery & a nerve	Superficial:Lower part of lateral surface of ramus Middle: middle part of ramus Deep:Upper part of ramus & coronoid process	Massetric nerve(C.N.V3 ant. div.) (mesencephalic nucleus and the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve )	Elevtaes mandible to close mouth
Temporalis	– Temporal fossa excluding zygomatic bone – Temporal fascia	Converge & pass through gap deep to zygomatic arch	Margins & deep surface of coronoid process Ant. border of ramus	2 deep temporal branches(C.N.V3 ant. div.)	Elevates mandible Retracts Mandible Side to side grinding movement
Lateral Pterygoid	Upper Head:Infratemporal surface& greater wing of sphenoid Lower Head:Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate	Back & Lateral & converge for insertion	Upper head:Pterygoid fovea at neck of mandible Lower head:Ant. margin of articular disc & TMJ capsule	Lateral pterygoid branch (Ant. div. of C.N.V3)	Depress mandible Protrude mandible grinding movement
Medial Pterygoid	Superficial Head: Tuberosity of maxilla & adjoining bone Deep Head:Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate& adjoining process of palatine bone	Down, back & laterally	Roughened area on medial surface of angle & adjoinig ramus of mandible, below & behind madibular foramen & mylohyoid groove	Nerve to Medial Pterygoid(Main trunk of C.N. V3)	Elevates Mandible Protude mandible Grinding movement

SECONDARY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION:

Suprahyoid muscles

Digastric: Elevate hyoid , depress mandible

Stylohyoid: draw the hyoid bone backwards and elevate the tongue.

Mylohyoid: Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, elevates tongue, depresses mandible

Geniohyoid: carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition

Infrahyoid muscles

Sternohyoid: Depress Hyoid bone

Thyrohyoid: Elevates thyroid Depress Hyoid bone

Omohyoid: Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Also carries hyoid bone backward and to the side

Exam Important

The muscles of mastication are temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Masseter originates from mesencephalic nucleus and the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve

All primary muscles of mastication are supplied by mandibular nerve

Muscles that elevates mandible to close the mouth are temporalis, masseter & medial pterygoid

The only primary muscle that depress mandible to open mouth is lateral pterygoid

All Muscles of mastication are supplied by branches from Ant. div. of mandibular branch of TRIGEMINAL NERVE except Medial Pterygoid.

TYPES:

PRIMARY MUSCLES OF MASTICATION:

Temporalis: fan shaped & fills the temporal fossa

Masseter( quadrilateral): Covers lateral surface of ramus of Mandible & has 3 layers

Lateral Pterygoid: Short, conical & has upper 7 lower head

Medial pterygoid (quadrilateral):Has a small superficial & a large deep head

MUSCLE	ORIGIN	FIBERS	INSERTION	NERVE SUPPLY & NUCLEI	ACTION
Masseter	superficial layer:Ant. 2/3rd of lower border of zygomatic arch & zygomatic process of maxilla Middle layer: Ant. 2/3rd of deep surface & post. 1/3rd of lower border of zygomatic arch deep layer:Deep surface of zygomatic arch	superficial:down & back at 45^o Middle & deep:vertically down 3 layers seperated by an artery & a nerve	Superficial:Lower part of lateral surface of ramus Middle: middle part of ramus Deep:Upper part of ramus & coronoid process	Massetric nerve(C.N.V3 ant. div.) (mesencephalic nucleus and the motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve )	Elevtaes mandible to close mouth
Temporalis	Temporal fossa excluding zygomatic bone Temporal fascia	Converge & pass through gap deep to zygomatic arch	Margins & deep surface of coronoid process Ant. border of ramus	2 deep temporal branches(C.N.V3 ant. div.)	Elevates mandible Retracts Mandible Side to side grinding movement
Lateral Pterygoid	Upper Head:Infratemporal surface& greater wing of sphenoid Lower Head:Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate	Back & Lateral & converge for insertion	Upper head:Pterygoid fovea at neck of mandible Lower head:Ant. margin of articular disc & TMJ capsule	Lateral pterygoid branch (Ant. div. of C.N.V3)	Depress mandible Protrude mandible grinding movement
Medial Pterygoid	Superficial Head: Tuberosity of maxilla & adjoining bone Deep Head:Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate& adjoining process of palatine bone	Down, back & laterally	Roughened area on medial surface of angle & adjoinig ramus of mandible, below & behind madibular foramen & mylohyoid groove	Nerve to Medial Pterygoid(Main trunk of C.N. V3)	Elevates Mandible Protude mandible Grinding movement

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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION