MUSCLES OF TONGUE

MUSCLES OF TONGUE


INTRINSIC MUSCLES:
  • Superior Longitudinal
  • Inferior Longitudinal
  • Transverse
  • Vertical
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES:
  • Styloglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Genioglossus( Safety muscle of tongue)
  • Palatoglossus
MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION(S) INNERVATION
Genioglossus Upper genial tubercle of mandible Upper fibres: tip of the tongue

Middle fibres: dorsum

Lower fibres: hyoid bone

Upper fibres: retract the tip

Middle fibres: depress the tongue

Lower fibres: pull the posterior part forward

(thus protude the tongue and deviates it to opposite side)

Hypoglossal nerve
Hyoglossus Greater cornu, front of lateral part of body of hyoid bone Side of tongue Depress the tongue

Retracting the protruded tongue

Hypoglossal nerve
Styloglossus Tip, anterior surface of styloid process Side of tongue Pulls the tongue upwards and backwards  during swallowing Hypoglossal nerve
Palatoglossus Oral surface of palatine aponeurosis Side of tongue (junction of oral and pharygeal part) Pulls up root of tongue, approximates palatoglossal arches, closes oropharyngeal isthmus Pharyngeal Plexus

Intrinsic muscles

MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION
Superior Longitudinal Submucous fibrous layer below the dorsum of the tongue and lingual septum Extends to the lingual margin
Turns the apex and sides of the tongue

upward to make the dorsum concave

Inferior Longitudinal

(Narrow band close to the inferior surface of the tongue)
 Root of tongue and body of hyoid bone Apex of tongue Curls the tip inferiorly and shortens the tongue
Transverse Median fibrous septum  
Fibrous tissue at the margins of tongue
 
Narrows and elongates the tongue
 
Vertical


 Dorsum surface of the borders of the tongue Ventral surface of the borders of the tongue Flattens and broadens the tongue

 

Exam Important

  • Tongue muscle derived from occipital myotomes.
  • Motor supply to the muscles of the tongue is by Hypoglossal nerve
  • Palatoglossus is only muscle of tongue not supplied by hypoglossal nerve.
  • Platoglossus muscle supplied by vago-accessory complex i.e. through pharyngeal plexus of nerves.
  • Genioglossus is the Safety muscle of tongue.
  • Genioglossus- protude the tongue and deviates it to opposite side.
  • Protrusion of tongue not possible in damage of Genioglossus muscle.
  • Ipsilateral deviation of tongue in XIIth nerve palsy is due to unaltered action of contralateral Genioglossus.
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