Omphalocele
| A | Skin | |
| B |
Amniotic membrane |
|
| C |
Chorionic membrane |
|
| D |
None of the above |
The covering over an omphalocele is –
| A |
Skin |
|
| B |
Amniotic membrane |
|
| C |
Chorionic membrane |
|
| D |
None of the above |
Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Amniotic membrane
The covering is made up of 2 layers – an outer layer of amniotic membrane & an inner layer of peritoneum.
Omphalocele is caused by?
| A |
Duplications of intestinal loops |
|
| B |
Abnormal rotation of the intestinal loop |
|
| C |
Failure of gut to return to the body cavity from its physiological herniation |
|
| D |
Reversed rotation of the intestinal loop |
Answer- C (Failure of gut to return to the body cavity from its physiological herniation)
- If the intestine fails to return, the infant is born with the abdominal contents protruding directly through the umbilical ring, with an intact sac covering the abdominal viscera, termed an omphalocele.
- At birth, omphalocele is recognized as a central defect of the abdominal wall.
- Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome represents a combination of gigantism, macroglossia, and an umbilical defect, either hernia or omphalocele.
- Chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 13, 15, 18, and 21, have also been associated with omphalocele.
- Abdominal contents are covered with peritoneum on the inside and amnion on the outside.
- Poor prognosis due to associated abnormalities.
| A |
Umbilical cord inserts into the sac |
|
| B |
Incidence of approximately 1 in 5000 live births |
|
| C |
Abdominal wall defect measures ≥4 cm in diameter |
|
| D |
Viscera covered by peritoneum |
Answer- E. None of the above
- Omphalocele refers to a congenital defect of the abdominal wall in which the bowel and solid viscera are covered by peritoneum and amniotic membrane.
- The umbilical cord inserts into the sac.
- The abdominal wall defect measures ≥4 cm in diameter. Omphalocele has an incidence of approximately 1 in 5000 live births.
- The abdominal viscera (commonly liver and bowel)are contained within a sac composed of peritoneum and amnion from which the umblical cord arises at the apex and center.
