Pathological clacification
PATHOLOGICAL CALCIFICATION
- Abnormal deposition of calcium salts in tissues is referred as pathological calcification.
- It starts in mitochondria or microsomal vesicles except for kidney where it starts at basement membrane.
- Two types-
1. Dystrophic calcification-
- Deposition of calcium salts in dead and degenerated tissues.
- Normal calcium level.
- It occurs due to 2 types of causes-
a) Calcification in dead tissue-
- Caseous necrosis in Tuberculosis is the most common site for dystrophic calcification.
- Gamna- gandy bodies in chronic venous congestion of spleen.
- Infarcts
- Congenital toxoplasmosis.
b) Calcification in degenerated tissues-
- Artheromas
- Monckeberg’s sclerosis
- Goitre
- Psammona bodies
2. Metastatic calcification-
- Deposition of calcium salts in normal tissues associated with deranged calcium metabolism & hypercalcaemia.
- It is caused by two types-
a) Excessive mobilization of calcium from the bone-
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hypercalcaemia
b) Excessive absorption of calcium from gut-
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Williams syndrome
- Vitamin A toxicity
- Site of metastatic calcification are– lungs (most common), kidney, stomach, blood vessels, cornea.
Exam Important
- Pathological calcification starts in mitochondria or microsomal vesicles except for kidney where it starts at basement membrane.
- Dystrophic calcification– Deposition of calcium salts in dead and degenerated tissues and has normal calcium level.
- Calcification in degenerated tissues- Artheromas
- Metastatic calcification– Deposition of calcium salts in normal tissues associated with deranged calcium metabolism & hypercalcaemia.
- Mestatic calcification- Excessive absorption of calcium from gut-
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Williams syndrome
- Vitamin A toxicity
- Site of metastatic calcification are- lungs (most common), kidney, stomach, blood vessels, cornea
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