PSYCHOANALYSIS – BASICS

Ans:D. Unguided communication has no meaning

• Communication in psychoanalysis is of a very special nature.
• Although two people talk to each other, it is not merely conversation. Although words are spoken, it does not altogether depend on language. Although the main intent of both parties is to be understood, it is the difficulties in communication which are at the heart of the matter. Finally, although much is said, it is mainly what remains unspoken that is important.
• Communication meeting these requirements is not ordinary; it is constrained by a method, requiring that one person reveal his thoughts unsparingly to the other person who is listening carefully enough to identify gaps, confusions, inconsistencies, and contradictions in the communication, as well as the tenor of expressed and intimated feelings.
• The psychoanalyst’s third ear is glued to a psychic stethoscope which magnifies the otherwise unheard stirrings in the unconscious that point to underlying disorder. Further, a special relationship quickly develops between the people involved in this enterprise.
• Further, it is important to know how this method is related to: (1) a body of confirmatory or supportive evidence, and (2) particular applications in a given case (technique).

Ans:D. i.e. Free association

The psychoanalyst uses various techniques as encouragement for the client to develop insights into their behavior and the meanings of symptoms, including inkblots, parapraxes, free association, interpretation (including dream analysis), resistance analysis and transference analysis

Ans:A. i.e. 1856 – 39 and passed most of his life in Austria

• Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
• Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna.
• Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902.
•  Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886.
• In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi persecution. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., Sigmund freud