RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO EXERCISES

RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO EXERCISES


RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO EXERCISES

Effects of maximal exercises:

  • A 25-fold increased oxygen consumption & carbon dioxide production.
  • Alveolar & arterial PO2 & PCO2 maintained equal at rest & during exercise by,

– Increased pulmonary ventilation.

– Increased pulmonary perfusion.

  • Due to increased cardiac output. 

– Increased pulmonary diffusion.

  • Due to increased perfusion

Pulmonary ventilation:

At onset of exercise:

  • Increases abruptly → Brief pause → Gradually increase.
  • Abrupt increase due to,

– Psychic stimuli.

– Afferent impulses from proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, & joints.

During moderate exercise:

  • Increased due to increased respiratory depth.
  • Arterial pH, PCO, & PO, remain constant.

During strenuous exercise:

  • Increased respiratory rate. 
At exercise cessation:

  • Ventilation abruptly decreases → Brief pause → More gradual decline to pre-exercise value.
Factors influencing ventilation:
  • Increased body temperature→ Increased heat production

– Result of increased oxygen utilization.

  • Increased plasma K+ (Hyperkalemia) 

– Stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors.

– K+ released from skeletal muscle.

  • Increased neuronal sensitivity to CO.
  • In severe & sustained exercise, lactic acidosis occurs.

– Ie., Lactic acid accumulation in blood & pH drops as low as 7.2.

– Acidosis further increases pulmonary ventilation out of proportion to O2 consumption.

– During this period arterial PCO2 may drop significantly.

  • Oxygen-hemoglobindissociation curve is shifted to right.

– Due to Local PCO2.

– Temperature.

– Increased H+ concentration.

  • Increased O2 extraction by tissues.
  • Exercise increases endogenous opioids release.

– Associated with mood enhancement.

  • Exercise is also stressful.

– Increases stress hormone levels,

  • GH.
  • Glucagon
  • ACTH.
  • Cortisol.
  • Catecholamines.

– Decreased insulin level.

  • Lactic acid accumulation causes muscle soreness.

Exam Important

RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO EXERCISES

  • A 25-fold increased oxygen consumption as well as carbon dioxide production during exercise.
  • Pulmonary ventilation increases abruptly with onset of exercise.

– Abrupt increase due to psychic stimuli & afferent impulses from proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints.

  • During moderate exercise, increased pulmonary ventilation due to increased respiratory depth.
  • During strenuous exercise, increased pulmonary ventilation due to increased respiratory rate. 
  • In severe & sustained exercise, lactic acid accumulates in blood & pH of blood may drop as low as 7.2.

– During this period arterial PCO, may drop significantly.

  • Exercise increases body temperature.
  • Arterial pH & HCO decrease with severe exercise.
  • Strenuous exercise causes hyperkalemia
  • Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is shifted to right.
  • Increased O2 extraction by tissues
  • Lactic acid accumulation causes muscle soreness.
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