Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

As  an  intravenous  agent,  ribavirin  is  effectiveagainst Lassa fever in the first week of onset of the disease. It may also be administered as an aerosol that is quite useful in infants with RSV. Unlike amantadine, which is efficacious only with influenza A, ribavirin has activity against both influenza A and B if administered by aerosol in the first 24 h of onset.

RSV infection leads to a wide spectrum of respiratory illnesses. 

Mumps occur between the ages of 5 & 15. Infants are rarely involved due to presence of transplacentally acquired maternal mumps antibodies.

Ref: O P Ghai Essential Pediatrics, 6th Edition, Page 209

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., RSV; ‘b’ i.e., Influenza; ‘c’ i.e., Parainfluenza

Viral adherence

.     In order for host infection to occur, a virus must first attach (adhere) to and enter cells of one of the body surfaces – respiratory tract, GIT, skin, urogenital tract or conjuctiva.

.     Viruses infecting respiratory tract :

–     Parvovirus                                                  – Togavirus

–     Adenovirus                                                 – Coronavirus

–    Herpesvirus (EBV, HSV)                         – Orthomyxovirus (Influenza)

–     Picornavirus (Rhinovirus)                      – Paramyxovirus (Parainfluenza, RSV)

Ans. is ‘d’ i.e., Respiratory syncytial virus

“The most common etiological agent for Bronchiolitis is Respiratory synctial virus. RSV is responsible for more than 50% of cases of bronchiolitis.”

Bronchiolitis

o Bronchiolitis is the most common serious acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. o Most vulnerable group is between the ages of 1 and 6 months.

o But the disease can affect children up to 2 years.

o More common in males.

Organisms causing bronchiolitis

o Bronchiolitis is predominantly a viral disease.

i) RSV (most common)                       ii) Parainfluenza virus 3, 1, 2             v) Mycoplasma pneumoniae

iii) Adenovirus                                 iv) Influenza virus

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Caused by respiratory syncytial virus, ‘b’ i.e., Hyperinflation of the chest

o Bronchiolitis is caused most commonly by RSV.

o Major concerns, include not only the acute effects of bronchiolitis but also the possible development of chronic airway hyperreactivity, i.e. asthma.

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., RSV

Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., RSV

o Wheezing due to respiratory tract infection in a 1 year old child is due to bronchiotilis.

D i.e. (RSV)

– Most common cause of tree in bud (bronchiectasis) appearance is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (endobronchial).

Most common specific cause of tree in bud appearance in HSL (bone marrow) transplant patients is CMV (30-70%) > RSV (18%) > M. tuberculosis (5-6%) > Pneumocystis > Invasive aspergillosis.

Tree in Bud appearance

6 Months) – Pneumocystis – S.pneumoniae – CMV, Seasonal respiratory virus (RSV & para influenza viruses) – Pneumocystis – Toxoplasma ” v:shapes=”_x0000_s1031″>Tree in bud appearance (or gloved finger appearance) is depiction of normally invisible branching course of intralobular bronchiole on HRCT. It indicates the endobronchial spread of disease lit bronchiolar luminal impaction with mucus, pus or fluid, bronchiolar wall thickening, peribronchiolar inflammation and dilatation of distal bronchioles. On HRCT, it appears as peripheral (within 5mm of pleural surface) small (2-4mm) centrilobular well defined nodules connected to linear branching opacities with more than one contiguous branching sites. 

Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., RSV

RSV does not posses hemagglutinin or neuraminidase.

The viral envelope has two glycoproteins‑

i) G protein → By which virus attaches to cell surface

ii) F- protein ( Fusion protein ) → which bring about a fusion between viral and host cell membranes.

It is also responsible for cell to cell fusion, which leads to characteristic syncytial formation.

Ans. is ‘b’ i.e., RSV

• RSV is the most common cause of pneumonia and bronchilis in infants.
• In adults, influenza is the most common cause of viral pneumonia.