Sex Determination by Skeleton

Sex Determination by Skeleton


 Important bones used for sex determination are:

  • Pelvis(most common), skull, mandible, vertebra, femur, and scapula

ACCURACY OF SEXING….KROGMAN

ENTIRE SKELETON… 100%
PELVIS & SKULL…….98%
PELVIS………………..95%
SKULL…………………90%
LONG BONES………..80%
 
PELVIS

Male

Female

Bone frame massive

Less massive

Pelvic brim or inlet-Heart shaped

Circular/elliptical

Ilium less expanded

More expanded

Anterior superior Iliac spines not widely separated     

Widely separated

Ilio-Pectineal line- well marked

Round and smooth

Suprapubic arch narrow  (<70) 

>90

Ischial tuberosity inverted 

Everted

Obturator foramina ovoid

Triangular

Greater sciatic notch narrow 

Wide

Acetabula  wider and deeper

Narrower  and shallower

Preauricularsulcus(attachment of

anterior sacroiliac ligament) not frequent,noarrow and shallow.

More frequent broad and deep

 
Skull
 

 

Male

Female

General

Larger, longer (Dolichocrania)

Smaller, lighter (Brachycrania)

Forehead

Steeper, less rounded

Vertical, rounded, full

Glabella

More Prominent

Less prominent

Frontonasal junction

Distinct angulation

Smoothly curved

Orbits

Square, rounded margins

Rounded, sharp margins

Zygomatic arch

More Prominent

Less prominent

Frontal & Parietal eminences

Small

Large

Occipital area

Prominent

Not prominent

Palate

Large, U-shaped

Smaller, Parabola like

Capacity

1500 – 1550 cc.

1350 – 1400 cc.

 

































Mandible

Male

Female

Lower jaw more massive

Less massive

Chin square

Pointed or round

Symphyseal height more

Height less

Asceding Ramus Greater breadth

Lesser breadth

Angle everted

Not everted

 
 
Vertebral Column

Male

Female

Corporobasal index of sacrum

Breadth of first sacral vertebra/Breadth of base of sacrum*100=45

40.5

 

Exam Important

 Important bones used for sex determination are:

  • Pelvis(most common), skull, mandible, vertebra, femur, and scapula

ACCURACY OF SEXING….KROGMAN

ENTIRE SKELETON… 100%

PELVIS & SKULL…….98%

PELVIS………………..95%

SKULL…………………90%

LONG BONES………..80% 

PELVIS

Male Female
Pelvic brim or inlet-Heart shaped Circular/elliptical
Ilio-Pectineal line- well marked Round and smooth
Suprapubic arch narrow  (<70)  >90
Obturator foramina ovoid Triangular
Greater sciatic notch narrow  Wide
Preauricularsulcus(attachment of

anterior sacroiliac ligament) not frequent,noarrow and shallow.

More frequent broad and deep

 Skull 

  Male Female
Orbits Square, rounded margins Rounded, sharp margins
Zygomatic arch More Prominent Less prominent
Frontal & Parietal eminences Small Large
Occipital area Prominent Not prominent
Capacity 1500 – 1550 cc. 1350 – 1400 cc.

 










Mandible:

  • Seen in female mandible i.e., ramus with smaller breath, angle of body of mandible obtuse, ramus inverted,and chin (symphysis mentis) rounded

Vertebral Column

Male Female
Corporobasal index of sacrum

Breadth of first sacral vertebra/Breadth of base of sacrum*100=45

40.5
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