SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND


SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

  • Mixed type of salivary gland (mucous & serous acini).
  • Predominantly serous in nature.
  • Walnut sized gland lies below the mandible in the anterior part of digastric triangle.
  • J-shaped and consists of a large superficial and a small deep parts.
  • Separated by mylohyoid muscle & continuous with each other around the posterior border of mylohyoid muscle.

Superficial part:

  • Situated in the anterior part of digastric triangle. 
  • Gland is partially closed in a capsule formed by two layers of deep cervical fascia.

Has three surfaces:

  • Inferior surface is covered by skin, platysma, cervical branch of facial nerve, dep fascia, facial vein and submandibular lymph nodes.
  • Lateral surface is related to submandibular fossa (on mandible), medial pterygoid (insertion) and facial artery.
  • Medial surface is related to mylohyoid, hyoglossus and styloglossus muscles.

Deep part:

  • Lies on the hyoglossus muscle deep to mylohyoid.
  • Related above to lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion; and below to hypoglossal nerve.

Submandibular duct (Wharton’s duct)

  • 5 cm long duct and runs forwards on hyoglossus, b/w lingual and hypoglossal nerves.
  • At the anterior border of the hyoglossus muscle crossed by lingual nerve which loops around it.
  • Opens into the floor of mouth, on the summit of the sublingual papilla at the side of frenulum of tongue.

BLOOD SUPPLY:

  • Arterial supply is by- branches of facial & lingual arteries.
  • Venous drainage- by common facial & lingual veins.
  • Lymphatic drainage- Submandibular lymph nodes.

NERVE SUPPLY:

  • Secretomotor supply is same for submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, through the submandibular ganglion.
  • Preganglionic fibers arise from superior salivatory nucleus, and pass successively via sensory root of VII nerve (nerve intermedius)→ facial nerve → chorda tympani nerve → lingual nerve → submandibular gland → postganglionic fibers → submandibular & lingual glands.

Exam Important

  • Lobes of submandibular gland are divided by Mylohyoid muscle.
  • Preganglionic fibers to the submandibular gland arise from superior salivatory nucleus.
  • Nerve which loop around submandibular duct is Lingual nerve.
  • Structure not injured in submandibular gland excision is Inferior alveolar nerve.
  • In Submandibular gland surgery the nerve leastlikely to be injured is Inferior alveolar nerve.
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