Which app has NEET PG PYQs from 2012 to 2025?

MedicoApps provides authentic NEET PG previous year questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations, clinical coverage, and offline access.

How many questions are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes over 10,000 meticulously crafted clinical and image-based questions, each with a detailed explanation covering NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams.

Does the MedicoApps NEET PG app support offline access?

Yes, MedicoApps is fully offline. You can study and practice previous year questions without an internet connection.

Does MedicoApps include clinical and image-based questions?

Yes, MedicoApps includes clinical and image-based questions with complete explanations and references, covering subjects tested in NEET PG.

Does MedicoApps focus on repeated concepts and high-yield topics?

Yes, MedicoApps follows an 80/20 high-yield preparation approach, emphasising repeated concepts since 60-75% of NEET PG questions come from concepts tested in past exams.

Is there an update frequency for new questions in MedicoApps?

The app is regularly updated to align with the latest NEET PG exam patterns and includes new questions as per evolving trends in medical entrance exams.

Do the questions in MedicoApps come with detailed explanations?

Yes, each question is accompanied by an explanatory note that clarifies the concept behind the answer and references relevant sources.

Which previous year exams are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes authentic previous year questions from NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams, spanning from 2012 to 2025.

Is MedicoApps suitable for students at different stages of NEET PG preparation?

Yes, MedicoApps is suitable for both beginners and advanced students. It offers a wide range of questions to support preparation at all stages.

Is there a money-back guarantee for MedicoApps?

Yes, MedicoApps offers a no-questions-asked 30-day money-back guarantee on all premium plans.

What is the best QBank for NEET PG?

A good NEET PG QBank should include PYQs, clinical MCQs, image-based questions, and grand tests. MedicoApps provides all these features along with offline access and explanations in one platform.

Where can I practice NEET PG previous year questions?

You can practice NEET PG previous year questions on MedicoApps, which includes 10,000+ questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations and offline support.

How can I contact MedicoApps support?

You can reach the MedicoApps customer support team through the app or the official website at medicoapps.org.

SYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS

INTRODUCTION:

Adrenergic receptors/adrenoceptors/Sympathetic receptors – Class of G protein-coupled receptors.
- Targets catecholamines, mainly norepinephrine (noradrenaline) & epinephrine (adrenaline).
- Cells binds to catecholamine receptors & stimulates sympathetic nervous system.
Sympathetic nervous system –
- Responsible for fight-or-flight response, including pupil diltation, increasing heart rate, mobilizing energy, & blood-flow divertion from non-essential organs to skeletal muscle.

RECEPTOR TYPES:

α receptors:
Subtypes
- α₁ (a G_q coupled receptor)
- α₂ (a G_i coupled receptor)
- Phenylephrine – Selective α-receptor agonist.
β receptors:
Subtypes:
- β₁, β₂ and β₃.
- All three linked to G_s proteins (although β₂ also couples to G_i& to adenylate cyclase.
- Agonist binding causes raised intracellular second messenger cAMP concentration.
- Downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which mediates intracellular events following hormone binding.
- Isoprenaline – non-selective agonist.

Receptor	Location	Selected action	Mechanism	Agonist	Antagonist
α1	Vascular , GU smooth muscle Liver Intestinal Smooth muscle Heart	Smooth muscle contraction, Mydriasis, Vasoconstriction in the skin, mucosa & abdominal viscera Sphincter contraction of the GI tract and urinary bladder	Gq: phospholipase C(PLC) activated, IP3,and DAG, ↑ calcium	Noradrenaline Phenylephrine Methoxamine Cirazoline Xylometazoline Midodrine Metaraminol Chloroethylclonidine	Acepromazine Alfuzosin Doxazosin Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Prazosin Tamsulosin Terazosin Trazodone (TCAs) Amitriptyline Clomipramine Doxepin Trimipramine Typical and atypical antipsychotics Antihistamines (H1 antagonists) Hydroxyzine
α2	β-cell of pancreas Platelet Nerve Terminal Vascular smooth muscle	Smooth muscle mixed effects, Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) inhibition, Platelet activation	Gi: adenylate cyclase inactivated, cAMP↓	Agmatine Dexmedetomidine Medetomidine Romifidine Clonidine Chloroethylclonidine Brimonidine Detomidine Lofexidine Xylazine Tizanidine Guanfacine Amitraz	Phentolamine Yohimbine Idazoxan Atipamezole Trazodone Typical and atypical antipsychotics
β1	Juxtraglomular cell Heart	Positive Chronotropic, Dromotropic and inotropic effects Increased amylase secretion	Gs: adenylate cyclase activated, cAMP↑	Dobutamine Isoprenaline Noradrenaline	Metoprolol Atenolol Bisoprolol Propranolol Timolol Nebivolol Vortioxetine
β2	Smooth muscle (GI,GU,Vascular,Braonchial) Skeletal Muscle	Smooth muscle relaxation (Ex. Bronchodilation)	Gs: adenylate cyclase activated, cAMP↑	Salbutamol Bitolterol mesylate Formoterol Isoprenaline Levalbuterol Metaproterenol Salmeterol Terbutaline Ritodrine	Butoxamine Timolol Propranolol ICI-118,551
β3	Adipose Tissue	Enhance lipolysis, Promotes relaxation of detrusor muscle in the bladder	Gs: adenylate cyclase activated, cAMP↑	L-796568 Amibegron Solabegron Mirabegron	SR 59230A

Exam Important

Adreneric β receptors having lipolysis property in fat cells is Beta -3.
Alpha 2 agonist cause analgesia & not hyperalgesia.
Salmeterol is long acting beta-2-agonist.
Beta-2-agonist causes a brief spell of hyperkalemia followed by hypokalemia.
Beta-2-agonist doesn’t cause hypoglycemia.
Alpha-2-agonist causes Sedation, Glaucoma & Hypertension.
Beta-1 receptors in heart stimulates its contractions.
Beta-2 receptors are present in smooth muscles.
Beta-1 receptors stimulation releases renin.
Beta blockers are used to treat hyperthyroidism (Not hypothyroidism).

Don’t Forget to Solve all the previous Year Question asked on SYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS
Click Here to Start Quiz

SYMPATHETIC RECEPTORS