Question
All are the clinical features of the type of malnutrition shown in the image except:
A. Anemia
B. Fatty liver
C. Flag sign of hair
D. Monkey facies
Show Answer
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Correct Answer » D Explanation |
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Ans:D. Monkey facies
Kwashiorkar is seen in the image.
Protein–energy malnutrition
It refers to a form of malnutrition where there is inadequate calorie or protein intake.
Types include:
- Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition predominant)
- Marasmus (deficiency in calorie intake)
- Marasmic Kwashiorkor (marked protein deficiency and marked calorie insufficiency signs present, sometimes referred to as the most severe form of malnutrition).
Kwashiorkor
- It is a form of severe protein–energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.
- Sufficient calorie intake, but with insufficient protein consumption, distinguishes it from marasmus.
Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
| Features | Marasmus | Kwashiorkar |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence | More common | Less common |
| Stage in PEM | Compensated phase | Uncompensated phase |
| Activity | Active | Apathic |
| Muscle wasting | Obvious | Sometimes hidden by edema and fat |
| Fat wasting | Severe loss of subcutaneous fat | Fat often retained but not firm |
| Edema | None | Present |
| Weight for height | Very low | Low but may be masked by edema |
| Appetite | Vocarious (good) appetite | Poor |
| Skin changes | xerotic, wrinkled, and loose. | Diffuse pigmentations, flaky paint dermatosis |
| Hair changes | None | Sparse, silky, easily pulled out |
| Anemia | Uncommon | Common |
| Hepatomegaly | Absent | Present |
| Liver biopsy | Normal or atrophic | Fatty changes |
| Infection | Less prone | More prone |
| Serum Albumin | Normal or slightly decreased | Low (<3g/100 ml) |
| Insulin levels | Low | Low |
| Others | Baggy pant appearance,Monkey facies | Sugar baby appearance,Flag sign of hair |
| Recovery | Early | Long time |
| Mortality | Less than Kwashiorkar | High in early stage |