Image Based Question-67409

The congenital deformity as shown in the picture below, can be found in which among the following syndromes ?

A. Turner syndrome.

B. Kaufman-McKusick syndrome.

C. Char syndrome.

D.All of the above.

Correct Answer » D Explanation

The deformity shown in the picture above represents polythelia.

Supernumerary nipples are common minor congenital malformations that consist of nipples and/or related tissue in addition to the nipples normally appearing on the chest. Supernumerary nipples are located along the embryonic milk lines. Ectopic supernumerary nipples are found beyond the embryonic milk lines.

Associations with other diseases

Supernumerary nipple features are found in a number of syndromes, but, in most cases, it is probably a chance finding. These syndromes include Turner syndrome, Fanconi anemia, and other hematologic disorders ; ectodermal dysplasia; Kaufman-McKusick syndrome; Char syndrome; Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome; and epibulbar lipodermoids associated with preauricular appendages syndrome. Isolated reports have linked supernumerary nipples to a number of other conditions, but in light of the fact that supernumerary nipples occur with a relatively high frequency in the general population, further studies are needed to validate the following associations:

Central nervous system associations are as follows:

• Epilepsy
• Migraine
• Neurosis
• Familial alcoholism
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• Intracranial aneurism
• Neural tube defect
• Developmental delay

Gastrointestinal associations are as follows:

• Peptic ulcer
• Pyloric stenosis

Ears, nose, throat, and lung associations are as follows:

• Laryngeal web
• Ear abnormalities
• Accessory lung lobe

Skeletal associations are as follows:

• Hand malformation
• Vertebral anomaly
• Absence of rib
• Coronal suture synostosis
• Hemihypertrophy
• Arthrogryposis
• Scalp defects and microcephaly
• Dental anomalies

Cardiac associations are as follows:

• Essential hypertension
• Conduction defect
• Bundle-branch block
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Congenital heart disease, atrial septic defect, and ventricular septal defect.