Image Based Question-68001

Correct Answer » D Explanation

Ans:D. Carcinoid tumor

Organism shown: Helicobacter pylori

HELICOBACTER PYLORI

• Gram negative, spiral rod.

• Motility. H. pylori has four to six flagella at the same spot.

• Grows under microaerophilic conditions with 5-20% CO2

• Produce oxidase, catalase, phosphatase, H2S and abundant urease

• The sole source of H pylori is human gastric mucus; transmission is likely to be oral-oral or fecal-oral

• Bacteria are present deep in the mucus near epithelial surface and do not invade the mucosa

• Gastric antrum is the commonest site of localization; infection is strictly confined to gastric mucosa and in areas of gastric metaplasia and heterotopias in the duodenum

• Virulence associated with cag(cytotoxin associated gene) and vac(vacoulating cytotoxin gene).

• The prevalence of H. pylori is approx. 30% in U.S. and other developed countries as against > 80% in most developing countries

• Worldwide, >80% of duodenal ulcers and >60% of gastric ulcers are related to H. pylori colonization

Infection may lead to following GIT pathologies:

• Acute gastritis

• Chronic gastritis

• Peptic ulcers (10-20% life time risk )

• Duodenal ulcers

• Colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer.

• Adenocarcinoma of distal (noncardia) stomach

• MALT lymphomas

• Gastric B cell lymphoma

• Autoimmune gastritis.