Which app has NEET PG PYQs from 2012 to 2025?

MedicoApps provides authentic NEET PG previous year questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations, clinical coverage, and offline access.

How many questions are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes over 10,000 meticulously crafted clinical and image-based questions, each with a detailed explanation covering NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams.

Does the MedicoApps NEET PG app support offline access?

Yes, MedicoApps is fully offline. You can study and practice previous year questions without an internet connection.

Does MedicoApps include clinical and image-based questions?

Yes, MedicoApps includes clinical and image-based questions with complete explanations and references, covering subjects tested in NEET PG.

Does MedicoApps focus on repeated concepts and high-yield topics?

Yes, MedicoApps follows an 80/20 high-yield preparation approach, emphasising repeated concepts since 60-75% of NEET PG questions come from concepts tested in past exams.

Is there an update frequency for new questions in MedicoApps?

The app is regularly updated to align with the latest NEET PG exam patterns and includes new questions as per evolving trends in medical entrance exams.

Do the questions in MedicoApps come with detailed explanations?

Yes, each question is accompanied by an explanatory note that clarifies the concept behind the answer and references relevant sources.

Which previous year exams are included in MedicoApps?

MedicoApps includes authentic previous year questions from NEET PG, NeXT PG, INI CET, and FMGE exams, spanning from 2012 to 2025.

Is MedicoApps suitable for students at different stages of NEET PG preparation?

Yes, MedicoApps is suitable for both beginners and advanced students. It offers a wide range of questions to support preparation at all stages.

Is there a money-back guarantee for MedicoApps?

Yes, MedicoApps offers a no-questions-asked 30-day money-back guarantee on all premium plans.

What is the best QBank for NEET PG?

A good NEET PG QBank should include PYQs, clinical MCQs, image-based questions, and grand tests. MedicoApps provides all these features along with offline access and explanations in one platform.

Where can I practice NEET PG previous year questions?

You can practice NEET PG previous year questions on MedicoApps, which includes 10,000+ questions from 2012 to 2025 with detailed explanations and offline support.

How can I contact MedicoApps support?

You can reach the MedicoApps customer support team through the app or the official website at medicoapps.org.

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)

Introduction:

A type of convulsive therapies used for psychiatric disorders treatment.
Usage of electricity as an agent inducing convulsions – Referred as “electroconvulsive therapy.”

Types:
A. Direct ECT:

Anesthetic agents & muscle relaxants not used.
Generalized convulsions produced result in fractures or teeth dislocations.
Higher incidence of side effects – Rarely used now.

B. Modified ECT (Indirect ECT):

Anesthetic agents & muscle relaxants are administered before ECT.
Muscles relaxed —> risk of bone fractures &other injures from motor activity during seizures minimized.

Technique:

Based on electrode placement – Bilateral ECT & Unilteral ECT.
Bilateral ECT:
- Most commonly used.
- Involves electrodes placed on both sides of skull (bifronto-temporal electrode placement).
MOA:
- Induction of bilateral generalized seizure via ECTs.
- By down regulation of postslnaptic beta-adrenergic receptors.
- Changes in growth factors & molecular mechanisms (increased brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)
- Neurogenesis (hippocampus).

Indications:

Depression (Major depressiue disorder):
- Both major depressive disorder & bipolar disorder.
- Mainly for depression with suicide risk (Acute suicidal patients).
- Depression with stupor.
- Depression with psychotic symptoms (psychotic depression or delusional depression).
Manic episode:
- Acute mania – Not 1st line treatment.
- Only for intolerant/unresponsive to pharmacotherapy.
- Severe maniac patients with suicide risk.
Schizophrenia:
- Catatonic schizophrenia – 1st line treatment.
- Note: Not effective in chronic schizophrenia.
Other indications:
- Intractable seizures.
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
- Delirium.
- On-off phenomenon of Parkinson’s disease

Adverse effects:

Memory disturbances:
- Most common side effect.
- Retrograde amnesia more common.
- Mild & recovery within 1-6 months after treatment.
Other side effects:
- Delirium
- Headache
- Muscle aches
- Fractures (very rare with modified ECT)
- Nausea
- Vomiting.

Contraindications:

No absolute contraindications.

Relative contraindication:

Raised intracranial tension (space occupying lesion in CNS).
Recent myocardial infarction
Severe hypertension
Cerebrovascular disease
Severe pulmonary disease
Retinal detachment

Note: Pregnancy not a contraindication.

Exam Important

Generalized convulsions produced during direct ECT result in fractures or teeth dislocations.
ECT is used for major depressiue disorder, catatonic schizophrenia, intractable seizures, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, delirium & on-off phenomenon of Parkinson’s disease.
ECT not effective in chronic schizophrenia.
Memory disturbances most commonly retrograde amnesia occur as side effect to ECT.
There are no absolute contraindications to ECT.
Raised intracranial tension (space occupying lesion in CNS) is a relative contraindication to ECT.

Don’t Forget to Solve all the previous Year Question asked on ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)
Click Here to Start Quiz

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT)