FACE
| A | Lingual vein | |
| B |
Pterygoid plexus |
|
| C |
Facial vein |
|
| D |
Ophthalmic vein |
Veins not involved in spreading infection to cavernous sinus from danger area of face:
| A |
Lingual vein |
|
| B |
Pterygoid plexus |
|
| C |
Facial vein |
|
| D |
Ophthalmic vein |
Ans is a i.e. lingual vein
Veins not involved in spreading infection to cavernous sinus from danger area of face:
| A |
Lingual vein |
|
| B |
Pterygoid plexus |
|
| C |
Facial vein |
|
| D |
Ophthalmic vein |
Dangerous area of face
Dangerous area of face includes upper lip and anteroinferior part of nose including the vestibule. This area freely communicates with the cavernous sinus through a set of valveless veins, anterior facial vein and superior ophthalmic vein. Any infection of this area can thus travel intracranially leading to meningitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Vein draining dangerous area
- Through facial veins communicating with ophthalmic veins (both having no valve)
- Through the pterygoid plexus of veins which communicate with facial vein on one hand and the cavernous sinus through emissary vein on the other hand.
Deep connections of the facial vein include:
- A communication between the supraorbital and superior ophthalmic veins.
- Another with the pterygoid plexus through the deep facial vein which passes backwards over the buccinator. The facial vein communicates with the cavernous sinus through these connections. Infections from the face can spread in a retrograde direction and cause thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. This is specially likely to occur in the presence of infection in the upper lip and in the lower part of the nose. This area is, therefore, called the dangerous area of the face.
| A | Auricular muscle | |
| B |
Posterior belly of diagastric muscle |
|
| C |
Parotid gland |
|
| D |
Submandibular gland |
Parotid gland
Complication of trauma to danger area of face ‑
| A |
Cavernous sinus infection |
|
| B |
Meningitis |
|
| C |
Visual loss |
|
| D |
Loss of memory |
Ans. is ‘a’ i,e., Cavernous sinus infection
The area of upper lip and the lower part of nose is the danger area of face. It is due to that this area is the common site of infection.
This area is drained by facial vein which communicates with the cavernous sinus through the superior ophthalmic vein and pterygoid venous plexus through the emissary vein.
In case of any infection of this area it may spread to the cavernous sinus causing infection and/or thrombosis.
| A |
Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve |
|
| B |
Greater auricular nerve |
|
| C |
Mandibular branch of facial nerve |
|
| D |
Frontal branch of facial nerve |
Ans. is ‘d’ i.e., Frontal branch of facial nerve
Nerve injury during facelift surgery
- Some sensory reduction after facelift surgery is considered a consequence and not a complication of facelift surgery.
- Care must be taken to avoid injury to the greater auricular nerve.
- The most commonly injured nerve is the frontal branch of the facial nerve.
| A | Adult scabies | |
| B |
Nodular scabies |
|
| C |
Infantile scabies |
|
| D |
None |
Ans. is ‘C’ i.e., Infantile scabies
|
Type |
Feature |
|
Infantile scabies |
Scalp, face, palms, and soles are involved |
|
Norwegian scabies |
Crusted hyperkeratotic lesions on the face, palms, soles, nails. Itching is not prominent. Mites are found in thousand, most severe form of scabies |
| Crusted scabies |
Extensive crusts |
| Nodular scabies |
Extensive crusts |
| Genital scabies |
Extensive crusts |
| Animal scabies | History of contact with cat or dog. Atypical presentation |
Dangerous area of face ‑
| A | Upper lip middle 1/3″ | |
| B |
Lower lip middle 1/3rd |
|
| C |
Lower lip lateral part |
|
| D |
Periorbital area |
Ans. is ‘a’ i.e., Upper lip middle 1/3”
