KIDNEY- STRUCTURE, RENAL FASCIA & VASCULATURE
| A | Rt. kidney is preferred over the left for transplantation | |
| B |
It is lower than the left kidney |
|
| C |
Rt. renal vein is shorter than the left |
|
| D |
Rt. kidney is related to the duodenum |
Not true about rt. kidney is –
| A |
Rt. kidney is preferred over the left for transplantation |
|
| B |
It is lower than the left kidney |
|
| C |
Rt. renal vein is shorter than the left |
|
| D |
Rt. kidney is related to the duodenum |
Ans. is ‘a’ ie. Rt. kidney is preferred …..
It is left kidney, not Rt. that is preferred for transplantation because it has a longer renal vein which simplifies the transplantation operation.
Superior suprarenal artery originates from:
| A |
Abdominal aorta |
|
| B |
Renal artery |
|
| C |
Inferior phrenic artery |
|
| D |
Splenic artery |
Inferior phrenic artery
Initially, renal arteries are branches of ‑
| A |
Internal pudendal artery |
|
| B |
External iliac artery |
|
| C |
Common iliac artery |
|
| D |
Aorta |
Due to ascent of kidneys during development, the blood supply of kidney changes:‑
1) Initially when the kidneys are in pelvis, the renal arteries are branches of common iliac arteries.
2) With progressive ascent, the arteries to kidneys are derived from different levels of aorta.
| A | Internal pudendal artery | |
| B |
External iliac artery |
|
| C |
Common iliac artery |
|
| D |
Aorta |
- Upto 5th week of intrauterine life, kidney is in lumbar region and renal arteries are branches of common iliac artery (see above explanation).
- After that, differential growth of abdominal wall causes the kidney to ascent to lumbar region. Adult position (lumbar region of abdomen) is attained by 9th week. Druing progressive ascent, the arteries to kidney are derived from different levels of aorta.
- After full ascent, definitive renal artery is branch of aorta at 2nd lumbar segment.
- Thus, neonatal kidney is supplied by aorta.
| A |
Left renal vein passes behind aorta |
|
| B |
Renal artery passes in front of IVC |
|
| C |
Right renal vein shorter than left renal vein |
|
| D |
Renal artery is a branch of internal iliac artery |
Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Right renal vein shorter than left renal vein
Renal vasculature
- Each kidney is supplied by renal artery (branch of abdominal aorta) and is drained by renal vein to IVC. o Renal artery :- Right renal artery is longer and passes behind IVC. Renal artery divides into : ‑
- Posterior division :- Supplies posterior segment.
- Anterior division :- Divides further into 4 branches to supply apical, upper anterior, middle anterior and lower segments.
- Renal vein :- Left renal vein is longer and passes in front of abdominal aorta, behind the origin of superior mesenteric artery. Therefore, it may be compressed in the narrow angle between the two arteries. Left renal vein also receives left inferior phrenic vein, left gonadal vein and left suprarenal (adrenal) vein. Each renal vein begins beneath the true capsule as stellate vein.
| A | 3 | |
| B |
4 |
|
| C |
5 |
|
| D |
6 |
Renal artery:- Right renal artery is longer and passes behind IVC. The renal artery divides into : ‑
a) Posterior division:- Supplies posterior segment.
b) Anterior division:- Divides further into 4 branches to supply apical, upper anterior, middle anterior and lower segments.
Thus, there are five vascular segments in each kidney:- Posterior, apical, upper anterior, middle anterior and lower.
Branches of the renal artery are end arteries.
| A | IVC | |
| B |
Psoas major |
|
| C |
Bile duct |
|
| D |
aorta |
Ans. is ‘c’ i.e., Bile duct
Third part (D3)
The third (inferior/horizontal) part of the duodenum begins at the inferior duodenal flexure and passes transversely to the left, crossing the vertebral column. Relations 3:
anteriorly: small bowel mesentery root
posteriorly: right psoas muscle, right ureter, gonadal vessels, aorta and IVC
superiorly: pancreatic head
inferiorly: loops of jejunum
