AIDS defining Opportunistic infections and Neoplasms

Opportunistic Infections In AIDS:

Parasitic 

• Cryptosporidiosis (most common in India)or Isosporidiosis (enteritis) 
• Pneumocystosis (pneumonia or disseminated)
• Toxoplasmosis (pneumonia or CNS infection)
• Strongyloides stercoralis(common)

Fungal 

• Candidiasis (esophageal, tracheal, or pulmonary)
• Cryptococcosis (CNS infection) 
• Coccidioidomycosis (disseminated)
• Histoplasmosis (disseminated)
• Pneumocystis carinii
• Penicillium marneffei
• Aspergillosis (rare)

Neoplasm

• Kaposi sarcoma(Multifocal tumor of vascular origin)( HHV – 8 )
• Non Hodgkin lymphoma 
• Primary lymphoma of brain 
• Invasive cancer of uterine cervix
• Immunoblastic lymphoma (most common lymphoma) 
• Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL)
• Plasmacytic lymphoma of the oral cavity
• Burkitt’s lymphoma(EB virus)

Bacterial

• Mycobacteriosis (“atypical,” e.g., Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare,disseminated or extrapulmonary; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pulmonary or extra pulmonary)
• Nocardiosis (pneumonia, meningitis, disseminated) Salmonella infections, disseminated

Viral

• Cytomegalovirus (pulmonary, intestinal, retinitis, or CNS infections)
• Herpes simplex virus (localized or disseminated infection)
• Varicella-zoster virus (localized or disseminated infection)
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Helminthic

• Strongyloides stercoralis

Other Opportunistic Infection In AIDS

• In AIDS, lymphadenopathy is most often due to Non specific enlargement of lymph node

1. The classic type/chronic KS/ European KS 
2. HIV-associated/epidemic Kaposi sarcoma 
3.  mainly affects men who have sex with men.
4. Endemic/ African/ Lymphadenopathic Kaposi sarcoma

• Skin lesion are sparse.

1. Iatrogenic/transplant associated Kaposi sarcoma 

• due to drug treatment causing immune suppression .

Sialadenitis In AIDS:

• The causes of HIV-SGD is unknown
• HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD)
• Non tender enlargement of salivary gland