Cellular Elements Of Cns
CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS
Two major cell types:
- Neurons
- Neuroglial cells.
NEUROGLIAL CELLS/GLIAL CELLS/NEUROGLIA:
- Connective tissue cells equivalent in CNS.
2 major cell types:
Macroglia –
- Sudivided into Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes & Ependymal cells.
Microglia
- Cells included Glitter cells, Rod cells & Siderophages.
IMPORTANT FACTS:
- Macroglia are derived from Neuroectoderm.
Macroglia subtypes –
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal cells.
Astrocytes subtypes –
- Protoplasmic astrocytes – Found in Grey matter
- Fibrous astrocytes – Found in White matter.
Important function of astrocyte
- Prevents neurons from excitotoxicity by converting excess ammonia & glutamate into glutamine via glutamine synthase.
- Limits protein filtration across cerebral capillaries, mainly by foot processes of astrocytes.
Oligodendrocytes:
- Responsible for nerve myelination in CNS.
Microglia:
- Phagocytic in function.
- Mesodermal in origin & derived from circulating monocytes.
Exam Important
CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF CNS
- Macroglia are derived from Neuroectoderm.
Macroglia subtypes –
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal cells.
Astrocytes subtypes –
- Protoplasmic astrocytes – Found in Grey matter
- Fibrous astrocytes – Found in White matter.
Important function of astrocyte
- Prevents neurons from excitotoxicity by converting excess ammonia & glutamate into glutamine via glutamine synthase.
- Limits protein filtration across cerebral capillaries, mainly by foot processes of astrocytes.
Oligodendrocytes:
- Responsible for nerve myelination in CNS.
Microglia:
- Phagocytic in function.
- Mesodermal in origin & derived from circulating monocytes.
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