OEDEMA

• Edema is an accumulation of interstitial fluid within tissues (5-6 litres)
• Edema develops when plasma protein is below 5 gm/dl.

Edema is of 2 main types-

1. Localised
2. Generalised (anasarca)

Edema fluid is of 2 types-

1. Transudate
2. Exudate

Pathogenesis-

1. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure-

• E.g. Oedema in renal diseases- nephritic & nephritic syndrome
• Ascites of liver disease (cirrhosis) 

2. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure-

E.g.-

1. Oedema of cardiac disease
2. Passive congestion
3. Postural edema

3. Lymphatic obstruction-

• It results in lymohoedema.
• E.g. inflammation of lymphatics seen in filariasis results in lymphoedema of scrotum & legs.
• Milroy’s disease or hereditary lymphoedema

4. Tissue factor

• E.g. Increased oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid

5. Increased capillary permeability-

• E.g. Inflammatory oedema, Angioneurotic oedema

6. Sodium & water retention-

• Oedema of renal disease- nephritic disease & nephritic syndrome
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Congestive cardiac failure.

Don’t Forget to Solve all the previous Year Question asked on Edema- basics