Granulocyte Stimulating Factor (G-Csf)

GRANULOCYTE STIMULATING FACTOR (G-CSF)

GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF)/Colony-Stimulating Factor-3 (CSF 3).
- A glycoprotein that stimulates bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells.
Produced by endothelium, macrophages, and other immune cells in response to cytokines.
Recombinant G-CSFs include filgrastim, lenograstim, nartograstim & pegfilgrastim.
Normally present during pregnancy.

Actions of G-CSF:

White blood cells
- G-CSF-receptor present on precursor cells of bone marrow.
- Initiates proliferation & differentiation into mature granulocytes.
- Stimulates survival, proliferation, differentiation and function of neutrophil precursors & mature neutrophils.
Hematopoietic system
- Potent inducer of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization from bone marrow into bloodstream.
Neurons
- Can also act on neuronal cells as neurotrophic factor.

Medical use:

Treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
- Also indicated for Kostmann’s syndrome (severe congenital neutropenia).
Used before blood donation.
- Used to increase hematopoietic stem cells quantity in donor blood, before collection by leukapheresis.
- This is particularly useful during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
During stem cell transplants
- Given to receiver during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, to compensate for conditioning regimens.
Fastens wound healing:
- Systemic injection of G-CSF mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells to wound site and accelerate healing by clearing granulating bed.
Acts as reliable biomarker for Early-Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EOS).

Drug of choice for Neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy is Filgrastim.
G-CSF stimulates production of a wider variety of hematopoietic stem cells.
Filgrastim is used in treatment of Neutropenia.
Treatment in a child with recurrent severe bacterial infections and diagnosed of having Kostmann’s syndrome is G-CSF.

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