Hyperemia & Congestion
HYPEREMIA & CONGESTION
- Hyperemia & congestion refuse to increase in blood volume with a tissue.
- Active hyperaemia occurs from arteriolar dilation & increased blood flow (exercise & inflammation)
- Hyperemia is an active process & tissues are red.
- Passive hyperaemia or venous congestion is impaired venous drainage.
- It is- Local & systemic
- Tissue s blue- red (cyanosis)
- Congestion can be- Acute & Chronic
Morphology of CVC organs-
- CVC lung-
- Seen in left heart failure.
- Alveoli contains hemosiderin laden macrophages (heart failure cells)
2. CVC liver-
- Seen in right heart failure.
- Central section shows characteristics nutmeg appearance.
- The changes are more seen in Centrilobular zone.
- It has dilated blood vessels.
3. CVC spleen-
- Seen in right heart failure & cirrhosis of liver.
- Red pulp enlarged.
- Hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial cells.
- Gamna gandy bodies are seen.
Exam Important
- Passive hyperaemia or venous congestion is impaired venous drainage.
- CVC lung– Alveoli contains hemosiderin laden macrophages (heart failure cells)
- CVC liver-
- Central section shows characteristics nutmeg appearance.
- The changes are more seen in Centrilobular zone.
- It has dilated blood vessels.
3. CVC spleen-
- Hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial cells.
- Gamna gandy bodies are seen.
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