Muscles of tongue
- Superior Longitudinal
- Inferior Longitudinal
- Transverse
- Vertical
- Styloglossus
- Hyoglossus
- Genioglossus( Safety muscle of tongue)
- Palatoglossus
|
MUSCLES |
ORIGIN |
INSERTION |
ACTION(S) |
INNERVATION |
|
Genioglossus |
Upper genial tubercle of mandible |
Upper fibres: tip of the tongue Middle fibres: dorsum Lower fibres: hyoid bone |
Upper fibres: retract the tip Middle fibres: depress the tongue Lower fibres: pull the posterior part forward (thus protude the tongue and deviates it to opposite side) |
Hypoglossal nerve |
|
Hyoglossus |
Greater cornu, front of lateral part of body of hyoid bone |
Side of tongue |
Depress the tongue Retracting the protruded tongue |
Hypoglossal nerve |
|
Styloglossus |
Tip, anterior surface of styloid process |
Side of tongue |
Pulls the tongue upwards and backwards during swallowing |
Hypoglossal nerve |
|
Palatoglossus |
Oral surface of palatine aponeurosis |
Side of tongue (junction of oral and pharygeal part) |
Pulls up root of tongue, approximates palatoglossal arches, closes oropharyngeal isthmus |
Pharyngeal Plexus |
Intrinsic muscles
| MUSCLES | ORIGIN | INSERTION | ACTION |
| Superior Longitudinal | Submucous fibrous layer below the dorsum of the tongue and lingual septum | Extends to the lingual margin |
upward to make the dorsum concave |
|
Inferior Longitudinal (Narrow band close to the inferior surface of the tongue)
|
Root of tongue and body of hyoid bone | Apex of tongue | Curls the tip inferiorly and shortens the tongue |
| Transverse | Median fibrous septum |
Fibrous tissue at the margins of tongue |
Narrows and elongates the tongue |
|
Vertical |
Dorsum surface of the borders of the tongue | Ventral surface of the borders of the tongue | Flattens and broadens the tongue |
- Tongue muscle derived from occipital myotomes.
- Motor supply to the muscles of the tongue is by Hypoglossal nerve
- Palatoglossus is only muscle of tongue not supplied by hypoglossal nerve.
- Platoglossus muscle supplied by vago-accessory complex i.e. through pharyngeal plexus of nerves.
- Genioglossus is the Safety muscle of tongue.
- Genioglossus- protude the tongue and deviates it to opposite side.
- Protrusion of tongue not possible in damage of Genioglossus muscle.
- Ipsilateral deviation of tongue in XIIth nerve palsy is due to unaltered action of contralateral Genioglossus.
