Trace element:Zinc
ZINC
- Zinc is acts as a metalloenzymes in the body.
- Highest concentration of zinc in the prostrate, paneth cell.
Sources of Zinc-
- Meat, shellfish, legumes, grains.
Functions-
- Involved in synthesis proteins, DNA, RNA.
- Structural role in ribosomes and membranes.
- Zinc is required for normal spermatogenesis, fetal growth, embroyonic development.
- Zinc is a cofactor of alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phsophatase.
- Insulin secretion is associated with zinc.
Zinc Requirement-
- RDA for zinc in males and females are 11mg and 8mg (9.8).
- RDA for Zinc during pregnancy is 11mg/d
- Zinc recommendation for lactating women is 12mg/d.
- The requirements for infants range between 3.5 – 5.0 mg/day.
- RDA of zinc in a child is 6-8 mg/day
- Dose for treating is 2mg/day
Zinc Deficiency-
- Mild zinc deficiency features are stunded growth, hypogeusia, impaired immune function.
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diarrhea, alopecia, muscle wasting, depression, rash.
- Wilson disease due to penicllin therapy by blocking zinc absorption.
Diagnosis-
- Diagnosis of zinc deficiency is usually based on a serum zinc level
Treatment-
- Zinc deficiency may be treated with 60 mg of elemental zinc.
- WHO and UNICEF recommend that children 6 months be given 20 mg daily.
Zinc Toxicity-
- Acute zinc toxicity
- Zinc fumes.
Exam Question
- A highest level of zinc is found in Prostate.
- Daily requirement of zinc in humans is 9.4 mg/day.
- Dose of zinc used in acrodermatitis enteropathica is 2-3 mg/kg body weight.
- Zinc is an essential component of several enzymes like carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, carboxypeptidase and superoxide dismutase.
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive disorder of zinc absorption.
- Advantages of Zinc therapy for Wilson disease are as follows: Produces negative copper balance ,Blocks intestinal absorption of copper , Induces hepatic metallothionein synthesis.
- Micronutrient associated with rash and diarrhea is Zinc.
- Dose of zinc recommended for 9 month old during acute diarrhoea is 20 mg daily.
- Zinc has a role in regulation of binding of proteins to DNA.
- Zinc is absolutely required for normal spermatogenesis, fetal growth, and embryonic development.
- Daily requirement of Zinc for adult men is 9.4mg/d and for women is 6.8mg/d.
- Paneth cells contain Zinc.
- Metal fume fever is common in chronic poisoning with Zinc.
- Zinc poisoning is likely in a person presenting with rigors and chills and a clinical picture resembling malaria.
- Hypogonadism (sexual infantilism, loss of libido), poor weight gain (growth retardation) ,taste alteration,decreased immunity, hepatosplenomegly, hypochromic microcytic anemia, loss of hair,Dermatitis, Diarrhea,poor wound healing are seen in zinc deficiency.
- Zinc supplement given in 12 month baby is 3.5-5 mg/day.
- RDA of zinc in a child is 6-8 mg /day.
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