Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei
- Causative organism of sleeping sickness.
- T. brucei gambiense -West African sleeping sickness
- T. brucei rhodesiense-East African sleeping sickness
Host
- Definitive host – Man
- Intermediate host-Tsetse fly
Infective form
- To men-Metacyclic form (metacyclic trypomastigote)
Habitat
- Reticuloendothelial tissue of lymphnode and spleen. Blood
- Connective tissue spaces of various organs. C.S.F. – Intercellular spaces in the brain.
C/Fs
Sleeping sickness
- Fever
- Loss of nocturnal sleep
- Headache
- Feeling of oppression
- Pruritis and maculopapular rashes
- Arthralgia
- Hepatosplenonegaly
- Lymphadenopathy, particularly of the posterior triangle of the neck- Winter bottom sign
Trypanosoma cruzi
- T. cruzi causes American trypanosomiasis or Chaga’s disease
Transmission
- Transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect vector, the blood-sucking insects of the subfamily Triatominae (family Reduviidae) most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus genera.
- The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion and organ transplantation, ingestion of food contaminated with parasites, and from a mother to her fetus.
C/Fs
- In the early, acute stage, symptoms are mild and usually produce no more than local swelling at the site of infection.
- After 4-8 weeks, individuals with active infections enter the chronic phase of
- Chagas disease that is asymptomatic for 60-80% of chronically infected individuals through their lifetime.
Treatment
- The currently available antiparasitic treatments for Chagas disease are benznidazole and nifurtimox, which can cause temporary side effects in many patients including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.
Exam Important
Trypanosoma brucei
- Causative organism of sleeping sickness.
Host
- Definitive host – Man
- Intermediate host-Tsetse fly
Infective form
- To men-Metacyclic form (metacyclic trypomastigote)
C/Fs
- Sleeping sickness
- Lymphadenopathy, particularly of the posterior triangle of the neck- Winter bottom sign
Trypanosoma cruzi
- T. cruzi causes American trypanosomiasis or Chaga’s disease
Transmission
- Transmitted to humans and other mammals by an insect vector, the blood-sucking insects of the subfamily Triatominae (family Reduviidae) most commonly species belonging to the Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus genera.
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